ENHANCING SELF DEVELOPMENT AND ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS THERAPEUTIC GROUP THERAPY
Downloads
Background: Adolescents in fulfilling their growth and development tasks, impact their biology, cognitive, emotional, psychosexual, language, psychosocial and behaviour entering adulthood. The problem adolescents often encounter, in the form of behaviour resulting from this transition period, is how to behave assertively. Therapeutic group therapy allows adolescents to optimally fulfil their growth and development tasks and change their behaviour to be more adaptive.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a sample of 76 adolescents (38 intervention and 38 control). The instruments used were assertive behaviour, behaviour observation sheets, and therapeutic group therapy modules. The intervention group received 7 therapeutic group therapy sessions, each 30-45 minutes. The Assertiveness Inventory by Alberti and Emmons was used to measure adolescent assertive behaviour. Meanwhile, this study used a dependent t-test for data analysis.
Results: Respondent characteristics included adolescents aged 13-15 years, females (52.63%), parents' educational level of Bachelor (63.16%), and parents' occupation as employees (42.11). The results show that aspects of adolescent self-development have a mean value of emotional (0.588), cognitive (0.533), language (0.435), and psychosocial (0.378). This indicates that there is a significant and meaningful influence on adolescents' assertive behaviour before and after TGT (α=0.05 and p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: Therapeutic group therapy can improve adolescents' self-development abilities (including growth and development tasks) and assertive behaviour. Therapy can be used as a learning program at school/home by involving teachers, parents, and the community to improve the quality of life for adolescents.
Alberti, R. E., & Emmons, M. L. (2008). Your perfect right: Assertiveness and equality in your life and relationships (9th ed.). Atascadero, California: Impact Publishers.
Avilés-Dávila AF, Palacio MEM, Valle CDG. (2023). Impact of Coaching on the Development of Personal and Social Competences among Secondary School Students. Children, 10(6), 1025. doi:10.3390/children10061025
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2023). Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2023. ISSNI/ISBN 2086-1028. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/12/29/18781f394974f2cae5241318/statistik-pemuda-indonesia-2023.html
Bandura, A. (1985). Model of causality in social learning theory. In Cognition and Psychotherapy; Plenum Publishing Corporation: New York, NY, USA, pp. 81–99. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-7562-3_3
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundation of Thought and Action: A Social Cognition Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bishop, S. (2010). Develop your assertiveness (2nd ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Blegur, J., Haq, A. H., & Barida, M. (2023). Assertiveness as a New Strategy for Physical Education Students to Maintain Academic Performance. The Qualitative Report, 28(3), 865-885. doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2023.5659
Bozzola, E., Staiano, A.M., Spina, G. et al. (2021). Social Media use to Improve Communication on Children and Adolescent's Health: The Role of the Italian Paediatric Society Influencers. Ital J Pediatr 47, 171. doi:10.1186/s13052-021-01111-7
Brown, B.B. and Larson, J. (2009). Peer Relationships in Adolescence. In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (eds R.M. Lerner and L. Steinberg). doi:10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002004
Cela-Bertran, X., Peguero, G., Serral, G. et al. (2023). Correction to: Understanding the relationship between gender and mental health in adolescence: the Gender Adherence Index (GAI). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02218-4
Dahl Audun. (2023). What We Do When We Define Morality (and Why We Need to Do It). Psychological Inquiry, 34(2), 53-79. doi:10.1080/1047840X.2023.2248854
Darjan, I., Negru, M., & Dan, I. (2020). Self-esteem-the decisive difference between bullying and asertiveness in adolescence? Journal of Educational Sciences, XXI, 1(41). doi:10.35923/JES.2020.1.02
De Geronimo, F., Stoddard, S.A. (2021). Peer Group Therapy for Adolescent Substance Misuse Treatment: A Scoping Review Protocol. doi:10.7302/3756
Deb, S., Thomas, S., Bose, A. et al. (2020). Happiness, Meaning, and Satisfaction in Life as Perceived by Indian University Students and Their Association with Spirituality. J Relig Health 59, 2469–2485. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00806-w
Galván, A. (2021). Adolescent Brain Development and Contextual Influences: A Decade in Review. Journal of research on adolescence: the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence, 31 4, 843-869. doi:10.1111/jora.12687
Hardy, S.A., Nelson, J.M. (2021). Introduction to Special Issue: Diverse Disciplinary Approaches to the Study of Adolescent Religious and Spiritual Development. Adolescent Res Rev 6, 247–251. doi:10.1007/s40894-021-00165-2
Hatano, K., Luyckx, K., Hihara, S. et al. (2020). Daily Identity Processes and Emotions in Young Adulthood: a Five-Day Daily-Diary Method. J Youth Adolescence 51, 1815–1828. doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01629-x
Hayward, G.M., Pearce, L.D. (2021). The Sociology of Adolescent Religious and Spiritual Development. Adolescent Res Rev 6, 265–276. doi:10.1007/s40894-021-00157-2
Jang, G., Schwarzenthal, M., Juang, L.P. (2023). Adolescents' global competence: A latent profile analysis and exploration of student, parent, and school-related predictors of profile membership. Int. J. Intercult. Relat, 92, 101729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.10.005
Kågström A, Juríková L, Guerrero Z (2023). Developmentally appropriate mental health literacy content for school-aged children and adolescents. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 10, e25, 1–11 doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.16
Klimstra, T. A., & Van Doeselaar, L. (2017). Identity formation in adolescence and young adulthood. In S. Jule (Ed.), Personality development across the lifespan (pp. 293-308). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-804674-6.00018-1
Kristina Eggermont, Koen Raymaekers, Laurence Claes, Tinne Buelens, Annabel Bogaerts, Koen Luyckx. (2023). Impairment in personality functioning throughout adolescence and co-development with personality traits, emotion regulation strategies, and psychopathology. Journal of Research in Personality, 104, 104380, ISSN 0092-6566. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104380
KudÅ‚a, K.K., Bogusz-Corkill, A., Szwajca, M., Szczudrawa, A., Cygankiewicz, P., Åšmierciak, N., Furman, K., Widelska, K., Matusiak, F., & Pilecki, M. (2023). Between "Yesterday and Today”. A description of group therapy in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 3: 7–13, https://doi.org/10.12740/app/162949
Lofthouse, R.M., Rose, A. and Whiteside, R. (2022). Understanding coaching efficacy in education through activity systems: privileging the nuances of provision. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 11(2), 153-169. doi:10.1108/IJMCE-02-2021-0036
MakareviÄs, Valerijs, & IliÅ¡ko, Dzintra. (2023a). Adaptation Procedure of The Test of Assertive Behaviour. Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference Volume I, 15-24. doi:10.17770/sie2023vol1.7056
MakareviÄs Valerijs & IliÅ¡ko Dzintra. (2023b). Aggressiveness And Assertive Behaviour. Psychological Applications and Trends doi:10.36315/2023inpact148
Malcorps S, Vliegen N, Luyten P. (2023). Childhood adversity and adolescent acting-out behaviors: the mediating role of mentalizing difficulties and epistemic vigilance. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023 Oct 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02302-9
Orben, A.C., Tomova, L., & Blakemore, S. (2020). The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health. The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health, 4, 634 - 640. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30186-3
Parray, W. M., Kumar, S., David, B. E., & Khare, S. (2020). Assertiveness predicts self-esteem, academic achievement, and stress: A study of Kashmiri adolescents. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(1), 707–715. doi:10.18510/hssr.2020.8185
Parray, W.M., & Kumar, S. (2023). Investigating the impact of assertiveness training on assertiveness and Self-esteem of High School students. Polish Psychological Bulletin Vol. 51(3) 171–176. doi:10.24425/ppb.2020.134724
Paruzel-Czachura Mariola. (2023). What is Morality? Narrow and Broad Definition. Psychological Inquiry, 34(2), 91-95, doi:10.1080/1047840X.2023.2248855
Postolati, E. (2017). Assertiveness: Theoretical Approaches and Benefits Of Assertive Behaviour. Journal of Innovation in Psychology, Education and Didactics, Vol. 21, No. 1, 83 – 96.
Raemen Leni, Claes Laurence, Palmeroni Nina, Buelens Tinne, Vankerckhoven Lore, Luyckx Koen. (2022). Identity formation and psychopathological symptoms in adolescence: Examining developmental trajectories and co-development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 83, 101473. ISSN 0193-3973. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101473
Renner, H.M., Rowland, B.C., Hutchinson, D.M., & Toumbourou, J.W. (2023). Modeling Adolescent Social Inclusion to Improve School Completion. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52, 1662 - 1673. doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01792-9
Saˆrbu EA, Nadolu B, Runcan R, Tomiță M, Lazăr F. (2022). Social predictors of the transition from anomie to deviance in adolescence. PLoS ONE, 17(6): e0269236. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269236
Schwarzenthal Miriam, Juang Linda P., Schachner Maja K., Van de Vijver Fons J.R. (2019). A multimodal measure of cultural intelligence for adolescents growing up in culturally diverse societies. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 72, 109-121. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.07.007
Tamworth M, Killaspy H, Billings J, Gibbons R. (2022). Psychiatrists' Experience of a Peer Support Group for Reflecting on Patient Suicide and Homicide: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21):14507. doi:10.3390/ijerph192114507
Tetering, M.A., Laan, A.V., Kogel, C.H., Groot, R.D., Groot, R.D., & Jolles, J. (2020). Sex differences in self-regulation in early, middle and late adolescence: A large-scale cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 15(1): e0227607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227607
Todorov, EH., Paradis, A. & Ha, T. (2023). Correction: Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Relationship Satisfaction in Adolescent Couples: The Role of Conflict Resolution Strategies. J Youth Adolescence 52, 1768. doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01804-8
U.S, S., & Peter, S.R. (2021). Assertive Behaviour for Child Abuse. International Journal of Research, 7, 370-374. doi:10.21474/IJAR01/12588
Ülger Zuhal, Dette-Hagenmeyer Dorothea E., Reichle Barbara, Gaertner Samuel L. (2018). Improving outgroup attitudes in schools: A meta-analytic review. Journal of School Psychology, 67, 88-103. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2017.10.002
United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef). (2023). Investing is a safe, health and productive transition from childhood to adulthood is critical. Adolescents Statistics - UNICEF DATA
Vagos, P., & Pereira, A. (2019). Towards a Cognitive-Behavioral Understanding of Assertiveness: Effects of Cognition and Distress on Different Expressions of Assertive Behavior. J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther, 37, 133–148. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0296-4
Walsh, R.J., Lee, N.C., Lemmers-Jansen, I.L.J. et al. (2023). A Few Close Friends? Adolescent Friendships' Effect on Internalizing Symptoms Is Serially Mediated by Desire for More Friends and Social Goal Orientation. J Youth Adolescence 52, 1357–1373. doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01780-z
Wang, Y., Chen, M. & Lee, J.H. (2019). Adolescents' Social Norms across Family, Peer, and School Settings: Linking Social Norm Profiles to Adolescent Risky Health Behaviors. J Youth Adolescence 48, 935–948. doi:10.1007/s10964-019-00984-6
Zhukov, M.D. (2020). Assertiveness Training Therapy to Adolescence Development. International Journal of Science and Society, Vol 2, Issue 3. https://ijsoc.goacademica.com
Copyright (c) 2024 Fajriyah Nur Afriyanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY).
