Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education

The Relationship Between Coping Strategies and Cigarette Smoking Behavior Among Final-year Engineering Students in Jember, Indonesia

Maudy Chinthania Ekyta Putri — 2025-08-04

Background: Many university students, including final-year engineering students in Indonesia, often use cigarette smoking as a coping strategy to manage academic stress and psychological distress, despite its well-documented health risks. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between coping strategy type and smoking Among Final-year Engineering Students at college. Methods: An analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in Jember, East Java, from October 2022 to July 2023. The population was 779 engineering students at the University of Jember. The sampling method used was cluster sampling, and the Isaac and Michael formulas obtained 260 samples. Students filled out questionnaires distributed by researchers using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire method through the Google Form platform. Results: Most respondents were male (77%), and more than half were smokers (64.9%). Smoker respondents started smoking at 15-19 years (50,9%). Respondents experienced moderate stress levels (78.5%), and 4,5% experienced high stress levels. As coping stress type, most respondents were problem-focused coping (91,7%), with smoker respondents at 92,4% and non-smoker respondents at 90,3%. This high prevalence of problem-focused coping among both smokers and non-smokers suggests that these students may be equipped with effective strategies for managing stress. There is no association between the type of coping stress and cigarette smoking (p-value: 0,981), indicating that other factors may play a more critical role in influencing smoking habits among this population, such as social influences, peer pressure, or environmental factors that are not captured by the coping strategy framework. Conclusion: Despite finding no association between the type of coping stress and cigarette smoking, the study highlights the prevalent use of problem-focused coping strategies among engineering students, suggesting the need for further research into the complex interplay between stress management and smoking habits among this demographic.

Unveiling Bullying Dynamics in Islamic Boarding Schools for Adolescent Mental Health Promotion

Khamida Khamida — 2025-08-04

Background: Islamic boarding schools as educational institutions that teach religious morals as a basis for behavior should be a safe and comfortable place of education for students. There should be no more violence occurring in Islamic boarding schools, but in fact, recently there has been a lot of news about incidents of violence or bullying occurring in Islamic boarding schools. Islamic boarding schools are expected to provide a safe environment for students while fostering religious and moral values. However, incidents of bullying continue to occur within these institutions, highlighting a gap between expected and actual student experiences. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence bullying incidents in an Islamic boarding school environment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, Sidoarjo, involving 109 students selected through simple random sampling (10% of the population). Independent variables included age, gender, school level, length of stay, and peer perception, while the dependent variable was bullying incidence. Data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results indicated that 68.8% of respondents were in early adolescence (12–16 years), 60.6% were male, and 52.3% had stayed at the boarding school for over 35 months. Additionally, 68.8% of respondents had negative perceptions of their peers. The regression analysis yielded a significance value of 0.004 (p < 0.05) with an R-square of 15.4%, indicating that all independent variables jointly influenced bullying incidents. Conclusion: Age, gender, school level, length of stay in the boarding school, and peer perceptions collectively influence bullying behavior among students. These findings highlight the need for boarding school administrators to implement policies and interventions that address these contributing factors to reduce bullying prevalence.

Utilisation of Agricultural Activities as a New Strategy to Overcome Frailty Symptoms in Menopausal Women in Rural Areas

Rahmi Fitria — 2025-08-04

Background: Menopause, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, often brings physical and mental health challenges, with frailty being a significant concern. Frailty leads to decreased muscle strength, poor balance, and increased susceptibility to chronic diseases. Limited research focuses on nature-based interventions, such as agricultural activities, to reduce frailty symptoms in menopausal women, particularly in rural areas. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of agricultural activities in reducing frailty symptoms among menopausal women in the Rambah District and to assess their impact on physical health and mental well-being. Methods: An experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach was used. Sixty menopausal women from Rambah District were divided randomly into an experimental group (agricultural program) and a control group. Frailty symptoms were assessed using the Fried Frailty Criteria, and mental health was measured with the Beck Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Data analysis included normality tests, homogeneity tests, and independent samples t-tests. Results: The experimental group showed a significant improvement in frailty symptoms, with the average score increasing from 15.22 to 76.11.In contrast, the control group exhibited modest improvements. Statistical analysis confirmed the normality of the data and equal variances between groups. Conclusion: This study shows that agricultural activities are an effective and accessible intervention for reducing frailty symptoms in menopausal women, particularly in rural areas. It suggests that community-based programs using local resources, such as farming, can significantly improve both the physical and mental health of menopausal women, offering a sustainable solution for health promotion in rural communities.

Does Emotion Regulation Encourage PLWHA to Disclore Their Status?

Dewi Rokhmah — 2025-08-04

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face numerous physical and psychological challenges that often lead to the emergence of negative emotional states. These emotional difficulties are frequently exacerbated by social stigma and discrimination, which can lead to diminished quality of life, decreased treatment adherence, and social withdrawal. Understanding how PLWHA manage their emotional responses is critical in developing supportive interventions. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors that influence emotional regulation among PLWHA, with a focus on understanding the role of social and environmental support systems. By identifying key influences, the study seeks to inform strategies that foster better mental health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Methods: A qualitative case study approach was employed to obtain a deep understanding of the emotional experiences of PLWHA. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 1 key informant, 8 PLWHA informants, and 5 additional informants including close family members and peers. Furthermore, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 6 peer companions to enrich the data and validate individual findings. Thematic content analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and themes across the data. Result: Emotional regulation among PLWHA is significantly influenced by environmental acceptance and the availability of social support, particularly from family and peer companions. Positive social interactions contribute to increased motivation to pursue medical treatment and improve life satisfaction. On the other hand, ongoing stigma and discrimination were found to trigger negative emotional responses, including anxiety, shame, and social isolation. Conclusion: Emotional regulation in PLWHA is shaped by multiple interconnected factors, such as environmental support, traumatic past experiences, and physical changes associated with the illness. Interventions that focus on reducing societal stigma and enhancing the role of family and peer support are essential to promote resilience and positive emotional well-being among PLWHA.

The Correlation Between Adolescent’ Mental Health Status and Parental Support: : A Quantitative Study

Khoiriyah Isni — 2025-08-04

Background: Parental social support serves as a protective factor for the mental health of adolescents. This study examines the correlation between parental social support—encompassing emotional, informational, instrumental, and companionship support—and the mental health condition of adolescents. Methods: This study employs a quantitative methodology utilising a cross-sectional design. Using purposive sampling, 93 unmarried teenagers aged 15 to 24 were selected as research respondents. The research instrument encompasses four categories of social support as delineated in Sarafino and Smith's theory, while mental health status is assessed using the DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) 21. Results: 50% of the participants perceived a lack of social support from their parents, while 76.3% reported experiencing mental health conditions. The lack of parental involvement in discussions with teenagers or professionals is frequently evident in findings. Conclusion: Consequently, stakeholders must collaborate across sectors to enhance parental involvement in mitigating adolescent mental health issues

Assessment of Social Media Needs for HIV Prevention Among Adolescents in Semarang City, Indonesia

Erdelia Herdanindita — 2025-08-04

Background: HIV remains a global health issue, with 1.65 million adolescents affected worldwide. In Indonesia, HIV cases continue to rise, especially among youth. In Semarang, adolescent knowledge about HIV is still low. Given their high use of digital media, developing youth-friendly social media content is essential to improve HIV prevention and education. Methods: This study applied a mixed-methods strategy with an explanatory sequential design. The quantitative phase involved collecting data through an online questionnaire using Google Forms, targeting 211 adolescents aged 16 to 18 years in Sub-district X, Semarang City. For the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with one adolescent engaging in risky sexual behavior, a counselor from the Central Java Provincial National Anti-Narcotics Agency, and a counselor from a drug rehabilitation center in Semarang City. All data were examined using content analysis. Results: The study involved 211 adolescents aged 16–18 in Semarang. Only six reported having had sexual intercourse, most without consistent condom use. None reported injecting drug use. While most adolescents had received HIV information from teachers or health workers, they preferred online platforms like Instagram. Many had misconceptions about HIV transmission, such as believing it can spread through kissing or mosquito bites. Adolescents showed more concern about pregnancy than HIV and considered sex a taboo topic. Most preferred short, creative videos, especially podcasts and humorous content, with maximum duration of 45 seconds. Preferred topics included HIV basics, mental health, prevention, healthy relationships, and stories of people living with HIV. These findings support the development of youth-friendly social media content for HIV education.. Conclusion: Adolescents prefer learning about HIV through engaging social media content, especially short videos and podcasts. Despite some basic knowledge, misconceptions remain, and sexual health is still a sensitive topic. These findings highlight the need for youth-friendly digital content to improve HIV prevention.

A Cross Sectional Study On The Relationship Of Maternal Bonding And Infant Temperament: Recommendations For Enhancing Maternal-Infant Bonding

Rufidah Maulina — 2025-08-04

Background : The temperament of a baby is one of the characteristics of the baby that plays an important role in the quality of the mother's interaction with the baby. The temperament of a baby significantly influences the quality of the mother's interaction with the baby. The close relationship between a mother’s bonding and her baby’s temperament affects the quality of their interactions. Given the impact of maternal bonding on the regulation of early emotions, it is important to understand how maternal bonding relates to infant temperament. This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal bonding and infant temperament in the working area of Colomadu II Health Center. Methods : This cross-sectional study involved 102 mothers with babies aged 6 to 11 months in the working area of Colomadu II Health Center. Accidental sampling technique was used for participant selection. The instruments used were the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ) and the Mother Infant Bonding Scale-Indonesian (MIBS-I). Tatistical analysis was conducted using the Spearman rank correlations test. Results : The study found that 75.5% of the babies had a mild temperament. The average MIBS-I score for mothers was 1.49 (range: 0-9, SD: 2.038). The Spearman rank correlation test indicated a significant relationship between maternal bonding and infant temperament (p=0.001, < 0.05). Conclusion : This study found a significant relationship between maternal bonding and infant temperament in the working area of Colomadu II Health Center. Recommendations for enhancing maternal-infant bonding are provided.

Relationship between Stress Levels And Students Resilience in Blended Learning Among Nursing Students at Citra Bangsa University During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Fernando Sico Elo — 2025-08-04

ABSTRACT

Background: Quality learning is one aspect of improving the quality of education. Learning can occur offline (face-to-face) or online. When offline learning occurs simultaneously with online learning, stress arises for students due to numerous burdens and a denser schedule in navigating blended learning methods during this pandemic. Stress can interfere with student resilience. Resilience is the process, capacity, or outcome of individuals adapting successfully to challenges or threatening circumstances. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stress levels and student resilience in managing combinations of blended offline and online learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic at the UCB Nursing Study Program. The research method is quantitative, employing a correlational analytic research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consists of 153 respondents selected using the total sampling technique. Data will be collected by distributing questionnaires online through the Google Forms platform with informed consent and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results indicated a relationship between stress levels and student resilience in managing blended offline and online learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Health, University of Citra Bangsa, with a P-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Students can overcome psychological burdens in the form of stress in both online and offline learning, making this resilience crucial for helping students manage stress in their studies.

Needs Assessment of Mental Health Promotion among Teachers to Support Healthy Schools: A Study at Junior High Schools In Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

Heni Trisnowati — 2025-08-04

Background: Teachers' mental health is a crucial factor in creating a healthy and conducive school environment for learning. However, the workload and psychosocial stress experienced by teachers can interfere with their mental health conditions, so appropriate interventions through mental health promotion are needed. This study aims to conduct a needs assessment for mental health promotion among teachers in junior high schools in Yogyakarta City as an effort to support the healthy school program. Methods: This study applied a Cross-sectional research design and Chi-Square analysis, and Fisher's Exact test. A total of 42 people were sampled in this study, using the total sampling technique. The instruments used included personal data sheets, as well as questionnaires to assess the level of work stress and mental workload. Results: The results showed that most of the respondents were female, as many as 26 people (61.9%), with age >34 years, as many as 23 people (54.8%), and tenure >5 years, as many as 25 people (59.5%). There were 18 teachers (42.9%) who experienced work stress, and most of the teachers stated that the workload was experienced at a moderate level, namely 38 people (90.5%). There is a relationship between mental workload and work stress in teachers with a p-value of 0.027 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The higher the mental workload, the more likely teachers are to experience job stress. These findings are important for improving teacher welfare, which in turn will support the creation of a positive and quality learning climate in schools. This study contributes to the development of sustainable mental health programs for teachers as an integral part of efforts to create healthy schools in Indonesia

The Relationship Between Perfectionism and Non-Suicidal Self Injury Incidents Among Nursing Students

Maharani Suci Wulandari — 2025-08-04

Students with perfectionistm personalities tend to always want to look perfect, so they are at high risk of experiencing despair, shame, anger, and depression. This condition often triggers Non-Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) behavior as a way to vent or suppress emotions, which can cause body damage and the risk of infection. This study aims to analyze the Relationship between Perfectionist Personality and NSSI Incidents in Nursing Undergraduate Students.

This study uses a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were 160 undergraduate nursing students at Semester 7. The sample obtained 115 respondents using proportionate stratified. Data collection used the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Inventory of Statements About Self Injury. Data analysis used the Spearman test with a significance level of α = 0.01.

The results of the study were obtained from 115 respondents, almost half of which 40 (34.8%) respondents had a very high perfectionism personality, and almost half of which 55 (47.8%) respondents had very low Non-Suicidal Self Injury behavior. Based on the results of the Spearman test, the value of ρ = 0.000 was obtained, which means that there is a relationship between Perfectionism Personality and Non-Suicidal Self Injury Incidents among nursing students.

The high level of perfectionism in nursing students, accompanied by low levels of NSSI, indicates that most of them have adaptive behavioral patterns. This means that even though they tend to be perfectionists, they are able to manage stress without engaging in destructive behavior. It is expected that the University will strengthen the counseling or campus psychologist services by holding regular counseling sessions that are scheduled regularly. This can help students cope with stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues, including preventing perfectionism personality and NSSI behavior.

The Effect of Animated Videos on the Prevention of Sexual Behavior on Knowledge And Attitudes in Junior High School Students

Septiana Rahma Santi — 2025-08-04

Background: Premarital sexual activity in adolescents in recent decades has increased globally. lack of understanding adolescents can be at risk of having unhealthy dating behavior, can even encourage adolescents to engage in sexual behavior to premarital sex which has an impact on teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Prevention efforts that can be done are health education involving attractive media such as educational videos using animation as a very suitable alternative option in order to influence understanding and change the behavior of individual groups.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of animated videos on the prevention of sexual behavior on the knowledge and attitudes of junior high school students.

Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest with control group design, which was conducted on students aged 13-15 years with 30 respondents as an intervention group, and 30 respondents as a control group.

Results: Statistical analysis test in the intervention group using the Wilcoxon test found that there was an increase in knowledge and attitudes after being given an animated video with a p-value of 0.000. Statistical tests using Mann Whitney and Independent T-Test found that there were differences in the level of knowledge and attitudes between the intervention group after treatment and the control group with a p-value of 0.000.

Conclusion: There is a difference in the level of knowledge and attitude of students before and after being given animated videos and leaflets in the intervention group. There is a difference in the level of knowledge and attitude of students in the intervention group who were given treatment in the form of animated videos with the control group who were not given treatment and only given leaflets.

The Effect of Preeclampsia Prevention Videos on Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Women in Semarang City, Indonesia

Ratna Anjelika — 2025-08-04

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in the world, so efforts are needed to prevent preeclampsia. Prevention efforts can be carried out through health education with videos, given the development of information technology that makes it easier to deliver health information. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of education and the magnitude of changes in values using videos about preeclampsia on knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy of pregnant women. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design with a pretest posttest with control group design. The research sample was 30 pregnant women in the intervention group and 30 people in the control group. Conclusion: Statistical tests using Wilcoxon in the intervention group showed an increase in the value of knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy after getting the intervention with a p-value of 0,000 or < 0,05. Statistical tests using Mann Whitney found that there was no initial difference in knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy of pregnant women in the intervention group and control group, but after getting the intervention in both groups it was known that there were differences in knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy after getting the intervention with a p-value of 0,000 or < 0,05. And statistical tests using the Linear Mixed Model found that there was an increase in knowledge scores by 15,93%, attitudes by 5,82% and self-efficacy of pregnant women by 6,35% due to the intervention. Conclusion: There is an effect of providing education using video media and leaflets on knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy in pregnant women compared to only using leaflets, there are differences in the scores of knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy of pregnant women in the intervention group and control group after receiving education using video, and there is an increase in knowledge scores, attitudes and self-efficacy after receiving the intervention.

Effectiveness of the PERMAJA Educational Program in Enhancing Adolescent Reproductive Health Knowledge During Disasters

Ayu Istiada — 2025-08-04

Background: Adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups during disasters, often facing an increased risk of sexual violence, poverty, and other reproductive health threats. These risks are exacerbated by the lack of private spaces for changing clothes, unsecured shelters, and shared toilet facilities for males and females in evacuation areas. Objective: This study aims to assess adolescents' knowledge of reproductive health in disaster situations and to develop empowerment activities through the PERMAJA (Peduli Kespro Masa Remaja) program. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 160 adolescents from three flood-prone areas in Central Java: Grobogan, Demak, and Semarang. The study was carried out from July to September 2024. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis to measure changes in knowledge before and after the educational intervention. Results: The findings showed an increase in adolescents' understanding of reproductive health during disasters following the educational sessions. The average score rose from 6.28 in the pre-test to 6.34 in the post-test. Although the increase in average scores was modest, the variation in responses indicated a broader comprehension of the topic among participants. Conclusion: The PERMAJA initiative contributed positively to enhancing adolescents' knowledge of reproductive health in disaster contexts. The program demonstrates the potential of targeted education in empowering vulnerable youth populations, particularly in high-risk disaster-prone areas.

Mental Health Resilience Among Santri: A Salutogenic Perspective on Psychological Well-Being in Pesantren

Muhamad Ratodi — 2025-08-04

Background: Mental health is a vital although insufficiently examined component of student well-being at pondok pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). Pesantren offer organized religious instruction and discipline, although they also pose distinct psychological issues. Objective: This study examines the mental health resilience of santri at Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Martapura utilizing Antonovsky’s Salutogenic Model. Methods: A qualitative case study methodology was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis involving 40 respondents, comprising santri, ustadz, and administrators emphasizing comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness as protective variables Results: The results indicate that pesantren cultivate resilience via faith-based coping mechanisms (82%), peer social support (74%), and organized routines (68%). Nonetheless, 62% of santri experience stress attributed to stringent discipline, while merely 32% have access to professional psychological services, underscoring deficiencies in mental health support. Although faith imparts a significant sense of purpose (81%), it does not entirely alleviate stress, since 43% continue to endure chronic psychological suffering. Conclusion: The research conclude that incorporating mental health education, flexible disciplinary systems, and organized counseling services within pesantren can improve resilience while upholding religious principles. These findings enhance the broader dialogue on mental health promotion within faith-based educational environments and advocate for a comprehensive approach to student well-being.

Between Silence and Survival: Social Stigma and Disclosure Dilemmas Among MSM in HIV Prevention Efforts

Erwin Nur Rif'ah — 2025-08-04

Background: For more than three decades, the HIV epidemic in Indonesia has continued to grow and has primarily affected men who have sex with men (MSM). The high prevalence of HIV is inseparable from triggering stigma and discrimination. This hampers prevention and treatment, and encourages many MSM in Indonesia to hide their identity and sexual orientation, so that difficulties in accessing HIV prevention and treatment services and increase the risk of HIV transmission. Self-disclosure is an important aspect for MSM to help prevent HIV transmission and improve treatment adherence. Methods: This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach using snowball sampling. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method to explore the dynamics of self-disclosure through the lens of the Johari Window theory, focusing on hidden and blind areas. Results: The findings reveal that MSM often conceal their sexual orientation and HIV status due to fear of stigma and discrimination, especially from family, workplace, and social circles representing the hidden area. Meanwhile, the blind area emerges when the environment perceives MSM's identity without explicit disclosure, sometimes offering support but also reinforcing societal pressure. These dynamics significantly affect MSM's willingness to seek help and disclose critical information necessary for HIV prevention.

Conclusion: Self-disclosure among MSM is significantly influenced by stigma, discrimination, and the social environment which either supports or hinders their openness. To address this, inclusive and stigma-reducing strategies are urgently needed, particularly within healthcare services.

Rising Through Challenges: A Phenomenological Study of Adversity Quotient in Single Mothers’ Child Stimulation Efforts

Tedy Andrian — 2025-08-04

Background: Being a single mother brought various challenges, not only in the economic aspect but also in meeting the needs of early childhood development. Adversity quotients were very important for single mothers to face difficulties and devise strategies to provide the best stimulation for their children in the early stages of growth and development. Objective: This study aimed to explore the picture of the Adversity Quotient and factors that affected single mothers in an effort to achieve optimal stimulation in early childhood. This study used a phenomenological qualitative method with subjects of three single Method: mothers domiciled in Pudak Village, Kumpeh Ulu District. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis to understand the subjective experiences of the participants. Results: Adversity quotient in single mothers was reflected in their ability to overcome difficulties, self-control, independence, hard work, and high motivation in providing the best stimulation to their children. Factors supporting resilience included parental support, social support from the surrounding environment, religiosity, and gratitude.
Conclusion: All participants showed strong dimensions of resilience and its supporting factors as they endeavored to optimally meet the needs of stimulating early childhood development despite facing various challenges as single mothers.

Reproductive Health Education Based on Positive Youth Development through Youth Posyandu

Alfiana Ainun Nisa — 2025-08-04

Background: Adolescence is a critical transitional period marked by physical, emotional, and social changes, including sexual development, which may lead to risky dating behaviours. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) in 2017 reported that the majority of adolescents aged 15–17 have engaged in romantic relationships involving physical intimacy, ranging from holding hands to genital touching. Limited knowledge and a lack of positive attitudes toward reproductive health increase adolescents’ vulnerability to premarital sexual behaviour and its consequences, such as unwanted pregnancy, early marriage, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDS. Objective: This research aims to test the effectiveness of the “Ruang Kespro” educational program, which is based on the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework, implemented through youth health posts in improving adolescents' knowledge and attitudes towards reproductive health. Methods: A descriptive quantitative research design with an educational intervention approach was used, involving 30 members of the Youth Red Cross (PMR) at SMA N 3 Semarang, selected purposively. The intervention was conducted in three sessions during October and November 2024. Data were collected through observation, documentation, pre-test, and post-test, and analyzed descriptively using SPSS. Result: The intervention led to a significant increase in knowledge scores from 87.00 to 98.33 (p = 0.001) and attitude scores from 86.17 to 99.67 (p = 0.001). These findings indicate that the PYD-based educational intervention through youth posyandu was effective in enhancing adolescents' knowledge and attitudes regarding reproductive health. Conclusion: The “Ruang Kespro” program successfully strengthened adolescents' understanding and positive attitudes toward reproductive health. It is recommended that schools and extracurricular organizations, such as PMR, continue and expand similar educational programs and youth health services. Future research should involve larger sample sizes to enhance population representation and statistical power for greater generalizability.

TAPS Ban and Media Literacy to Protect Youth from Tobacco Industry Inducement

Nurjanah Nurjanah — 2025-08-04

Background: The Indonesia Health Survey 2023 indicates that around 70 million people in the country smoke, with 7.2% aged 10 to 18, and Central Java province reports one of the highest child prevalence rates in Indonesia at 9.6%. Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship (TAPS) influence intention to smoke, and on the other hand, Smoking Media Literacy (SML) can be a shield for youth to protect them from tobacco industry inducement. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the impact of TAPS exposure and SML on smoking intention. This cross-sectional study includes 1,014 students from ten junior high schools, eleven high schools, and five universities located in the three primary municipalities of Central Java Province. A stratified sampling method was used to choose the participants, and data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The students were most frequently exposed to TAPS through outdoor media such as billboards and banners, followed by displays at points of sale and online platforms like social media and websites. The logistic regression found that Higher media literacy is associated with a decreased likelihood of intending to smoke, with (OR 0.60). Conversely, exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) increases intending to smoke by approximately 55% (OR 1.55). The intention to smoke is the most potent predictor of whether an individual has ever smoked (OR 9.91). Conclusion: The low media literacy increases vulnerability to tobacco marketing, while exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion significantly heightens the likelihood of intending to smoke. The strong association between smoking intention and highlights the critical importance of early preventative measures. Targeted strategies such as media literacy education and a total TAPS ban are essential to curb the rising trend of tobacco use among Indonesian youth.

Socio-Cultural And Maternal Mental Health Factors In Stunting Among The Sasaq Tribe Central Lombok

Lalu Sulaiman — 2025-08-04

Background: Stunting is one of the indicators of the success of a nation's development, especially development in the health sector. Stunting will not only affect the shape of children's body posture which is shorter than other children of the same age, but stunting can also have implications for children's cognitive abilities which determine the nation's competitiveness in the future. Objective: The general objective of this study is to explore socio-cultural factors and maternal mental health related to stunting. Method: The method used in this study is a qualitative-descriptive method with a content analysis approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using interview guidelines. Results: The results of this study indicate that the risk factors for stunting are high rates of child marriage, low family economic resources, high divorce rates, high rates of high-risk pregnancies and maternal mental health conditions. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that socio-cultural factors and maternal mental health conditions are determinants of stunting. From the results of this study, it is recommended that local governments empower adolescents to reduce the rate of child marriage in preventing maternal mental health disorders, for example by forming youth classes in each village as a forum to socialize the negative impacts of child marriage.

Understanding The Causal Pathways of Mental Health Symptoms in Indonesia

Rahmatu syifa — 2025-08-04

Background: Mental disorders affect an individual's ability to cope with life stress, pursue education, work, and contribute to society. Among individuals of productive age, the prevalence of mental disorders reaches 15%. Factors such as age, education level, and gender play a role in influencing vulnerability to mental disorders in this age group. Objective: . This study aims to screen mental disorders experienced by the Indonesian population and analyze the causal factors of various mental disorder symptoms. Methods: This research is a quantitative observational-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted across all regions of Indonesia in 2023. A total of 2,081 Indonesian residents aged 18 and above participated in this study. Primary data were collected online via Google Forms. The collected data were analyzed univariat, bivariat using chi-square, multivariate using logistic regression, followed by path analysis. Results: The results showed that 84.2% of the participants experienced mental health disorders out of 2,081 respondents. Three variables were identified as the most vulnerable to mental health symptoms among the Indonesian population: female gender, low education level, and productive age (17–35 years). These variables were found to impact different mental health symptoms, such as anxiety, substance abuse, psychotic disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Specifically, individuals aged 17–35 years were more susceptible to anxiety, psychotic disorders, and PTSD. Women were more vulnerable to anxiety, substance abuse, psychotic disorders, and PTSD. Meanwhile, individuals with low education levels were more prone to anxiety and psychotic disorders.Path analysis revealed that psychotic symptoms serve as the culmination of three mental health symptoms. Conclusion: Mental disorder symptoms must be detected and treated promptly, even in mild cases, as all mental disorder variables have the potential to develop into psychosis, which manifests as physical illnesses resulting from psychological disturbances.

The Impact of Parental Smoking Behavior and Cigarette Expenditure on Toddler Well-Being and Family Mental Health: A Qualitative Study Post Kabar Besti Program

Heni Trisnowati — 2025-08-04

Background. Cigarette consumption among parents has a multidimensional impact, ranging from family economic losses to declining toddler health, including an increased risk of stunting. The Kabar Besti (Smoke-Free and Stunting-Free Families) program was initiated as an innovation to control cigarette consumption and reduce stunting in children under five through a participatory approach at the community level. Objectives. This qualitative study aimed to explore changes in parental smoking patterns, cigarette expenditure shifting, and the impact on toddler health after the implementation of the Kabar Besti program in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Methods. A Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) design was used for this type of qualitative research. There were seven research subjects, with three key informants and four triangulation informants obtained through the purposive sampling technique. Data collection methods consisted of interviews and observations. Results. The Kabar Besti program contributes positively to changes in parental smoking behavior and shopping shifts that have an impact on improving the health of toddlers. Parents (fathers) of toddlers began to divert cigarette expenditures for nutritional needs and savings and reduce smoking habits in the house and near children. In addition, there was a decrease in the percentage of stunting among under-fives from 25% to 11.11% in two years of program implementation. These findings confirm that community-based interventions targeting parental smoking behavior are effective in improving the health of children under five and optimizing the allocation of family expenditure for children's nutritional needs

The Relationship Between Students’ Knowledge, Peer Roles, Teacher Roles, and Bullying Behavior at SMK YPI Tanjung Bintang

Christin Angelina Febriani — 2025-08-04

Background: Emotional instability in adolescents can trigger problems such as bullying which is now back to being an issue of violence in schools. Bullying can take place directly or online, bullying can have dangerous impacts. In addition to physical consequences, bullying can also trigger mental and emotional health problems. The report of the Lampung Province PPPA Service recorded a total of 296 cases, with the highest number in Bandar Lampung City with 94 cases and South Lampung Regency in second place with 47 cases. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of bullying behavior in students at SMK YPI Tanjung Bintang. Method: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were active students at SMK YPI Tanjung Bintang and a sample of 117 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques, and using questionnaires. Data analysis used the chi square test with a significance level of 95%. Results: The study showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and bullying behavior (p value 0.001; OR = 19,282), the role of peers with bullying behavior (p value 0.001; OR = 17,405), the role of teachers with bullying behavior (p value 0.001; OR = 22,000). The researcher's suggestion is that the school can create a TPPK (Violence Prevention and Handling Team) task force and the school can improve routine anti-bullying education and integrate the material into the curriculum either directly or through extracurricular activities.

Keywords: Bullying Behavior, Knowledge, Role of peers, Role of teachers

Perceptions, Barriers, and Challenges of Healthcare Providers in Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Services: A Scoping Review

Najma Fitya Afifa — 2025-08-04

Background: Adolescent pregnancy remains a significant global health problem, this is
because related with increased risks to maternal and child health, psychology, as well as
its socioeconomic. Efforts to provided quality adolescent sexual and reproductive health
(ASRH) services as pregnancy prevention still need an understanding from the perspective
of healthcare providers. Objective: This review aimed to explored the perceptions,
barriers and challenges faced healthcare providers in provided ASRH services as an effort
to prevent and reduce cases of adolescent pregnancy. Methods: The procedures began with
a search on Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan EBSCOhost databases studies published between
2020 until 2025 using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Based
on the search results, a total of 11 peer-reviewed studies met stringent inclusion criteria,
focusing perspective of healthcare providers. Results: This review was done of 11 articles
that were screened and analyzed out of 337 articles. The articles come from United States
of America, Uganda, South Africa, Tanzania, Lebanon, Haiti, Zambia, and Kenya, 9 articles
utilizes qualitative designs and 2 articles utilizes cross-sectional designs. Conclusion: This
review providing an overview variations in perceptions, barriers and challenges from
perspective if healthcare providers in various countries on implementation of ASRH services
and indicates need a holistic approach not only to adolescents as service recipients, but
also to healthcare providers as key actors.

Mapping Interventions for Adolescent Mental Health: A Scoping Review Across Multiple Settings and Approaches

Fani Cahya Wahyuni — 2025-08-04

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in seven adolescents aged 10–19 years has experienced a mental disorder. In the United States, adolescents report symptoms of anxiety and depression, while in Southeast Asia, many students feel lonely, excessively worried to the point of disturbed sleep, and lack close friends. Multiple factors, including psychosocial and environmental elements, influence adolescent mental health. There is a growing need for culturally appropriate education and support programs tailored to Indonesian adolescents. Various factors can affect adolescent mental health. Indonesian adolescents need culturally appropriate mental health education and support programs. Objective: This study aims to examine mental health programs based on school, digital platform, community, and healthcare settings. Methods: This scoping review analyzed mental health programs worldwide from 2015-2025. The PRISMA diagram was used as a selection flow where 34 articles met the inclusion criteria, obtained from three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, SpringerLink), and selected from 649 articles. Results: Most mental health programs were delivered through school-based, digital, community, and healthcare settings. These programs employed innovative approaches for promotion, prevention, and treatment. Key outcomes included improvements in mental health and overall well-being. Several programs were found to be effective, feasible, and acceptable among adolescents. Program selection should address the core mental health issue, such as anxiety or depression. Multi-sectoral collaboration is crucial for ensuring the sustainability and effectiveness of adolescent mental health programs. Future literature reviews should focus on specific mental health issues to enable deeper analysis and more targeted recommendations

Adolescent Mental Health In The Digital Age: A Systematic Review Of Social Media Impact And Psychosocial Determinants

Rohman Daka — 2025-08-04

Latar Belakang: Kesehatan mental remaja di era digital dipengaruhi oleh media sosial dan faktor psikososial. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara penggunaan media sosial, kondisi psikososial, dan strategi pengelolaan kesehatan mental. Metode: Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Dari 270 artikel di Google Scholar (2019–2024), 10 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi (remaja berusia 12–24 tahun, membahas kesehatan mental dan media sosial, diterbitkan dalam bahasa Indonesia/Inggris). Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media sosial yang berlebihan berkorelasi dengan kecemasan, depresi, dan harga diri yang rendah. Faktor psikososial seperti pola asuh, tekanan teman sebaya, dan dinamika keluarga juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Strategi yang efektif untuk mengatasi hal ini meliputi intervensi keluarga, literasi digital, dan program dukungan psikologis di sekolah/masyarakat. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan holistik untuk menjaga kesehatan mental remaja di era digital.

Kata Kunci: Remaja, Kesehatan Mental, Media Sosial, Psikososial, Psikologis