Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education

Training and Counselling of Sex Education as a Prevention for Sexual Risk Behaviour in Adolescents: A Quasi-experiment Study

Hanna Sriyanti Saragih, Lusiana Gultom, Rohani Retnauli Simanjuntak — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Adolescents have a high sense of curiosity, including issues of sexuality. Adolescents' curiosity about sexuality is due to the developmental period of adolescents entering puberty, which is marked by the maturation of the reproductive system and the production of sex hormones. Risky sexual behaviour is sexual behaviour that can cause negative impacts such as unwanted pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted diseases. Adolescents need to be equipped with various knowledge about reproductive health, which includes understanding the physiology of reproductive organs, menstruation, fertility, sexual orientation, STI/HIV/AIDS prevention techniques, pregnancy, family planning techniques and skills. Objectives: To determine the effect of sex education through training and counselling as a preventive measure against risky sexual behaviour in adolescents: Participants of the Adolescent Reproductive Health Information and Counselling Center (PIK-KRR) in Medan City. Method: This research uses a quasiexperimental group pre-test and post-test design. The number of samples in this study was 30 adolescents. The statistical test analysis method used the paired sample t-test with the SPSS application. Results: This research shows an increase in adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and actions regarding risky sexual behaviour (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Health services provide education about reproductive health knowledge and the impact of dangers of engaging in sexual behaviour to all adolescents so that they gain useful knowledge so as not to do other negative things.

Improving Cadres Knowledge and Skills in Non-Communicable Disease Control and Care in Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta

Merita Arini, Denny Anggoro Prakoso, Suratini, Harumi Iring Primastuti — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Non-communicable disease (NCD) necessitates prolonged continuous intervention that impacts enormous morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic repercussions on a global scale. Community and private primary healthcare facilities need to be more interconnected, although they have significant roles in NCDs' prevention and care. Aims: To enhance the community's competencies regarding NCDs through the involvement of private primary care. Method: The method used was a quasi-experiment (non-control, nonrandomisation) with the 'Aisyiyah Clinic involvement as the mentor for participants. The study involved 41 faith-affiliated cadres from 'Aisyiyah and Nasyiatul Aisyiyah, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Indonesia. Interventions include health education sessions on NCDs and essential health examinations for NCD screening practices. The study evaluation was conducted using a pre-test and post-test of knowledge and skill observation checklist, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank, Spearman, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Education and practices increased participants' knowledge of NCDs (p=0.000) with a large effect size (r=0.50). The cadres also observed that they could perform their competencies in these examinations (100%). Additionally, there was no significant difference in knowledge (pre-test and post-test) based on cadres’ demographic background (p>0.05). In contrast, there was a significant difference in initial knowledge (pre-test), according to both duration of time as a cadre (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Health education and practices effectively increase health cadres' knowledge and skills related to NCD control. Simultaneously with continuous community empowerment, the study findings highlight a need for better integration between public health initiatives and private sector resources to sustainably improve the community health workers' role.

Flashcards on Reproductive Health Education for Elementary School Children: Development and Validation

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Reproductive health problems among children and adolescents are increasing. These problems can be prevented starting from a young age. Parents play a significant role in protecting children from sexual and reproductive health problems. Educational media are needed to improve parents' knowledge of reproductive health in elementary school age children so parents can provide this information to their children. Objective: To develop flashcards to support parents in educating children about reproductive health from an early age. Method: The study used a research and development method conducted from February-May 2024 in Kartasura, Sukoharjo. The ADDIE model was used as the stages in media development. One material expert and one media expert, ten parents in the small group evaluation, and 20 parents in the field evaluation tested the suitability of the media. This was followed by implementing media use with a one group pre- and post-test design involving 30 parents to assess the effectiveness of the media. The parents involved in this research were parents of elementary school children in grades 1-3. Data were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using N-gain value. Results: Flashcard media was very suitable and effective (with the percentage of media feasibility in the experts’ assessment being 90%, small group evaluation 90.3% and 88.6% in the field evaluation). At the implementation stage, there was an increase in the average knowledge score before and after using flashcards with N-gain score was 0.43. Conclusion: Flashcards can be used for reproductive health education for parents of elementary school children.

Stunting Prevention Strategy Through Empowerment of Pregnant Women and Mothers of Toddlers in The "Siap Genting" and "Sobat Tensi" Programs in Banjar Village, Banyuwangi District

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Stunting is a problem caused by a prolonged lack of nutrition from food and infectious diseases. Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2022, the prevalence of cases was 21.6% in Indonesia and 20.1% in Banyuwangi Regency. One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is eliminating hunger, achieving food security and good nutrition, and increasing sustainable agriculture. The problem of stunting is closely related to the health of pregnant women. One of the many health problems that occur in pregnant women is hypertension. Aims: This community empowerment aims to increase the target's knowledge about preventing stunting and hypertension. Methods: This activity uses a socialization approach to the target group consisting of 24 pregnant women and mothers of toddlers with lecture methods, discussions and continued direct screening for 3 hours. Results: High engagement was indicated by participation in this socialization activity, questions and answers during the event and enthusiasm to follow the screening session. Conclusions: Targeted participants demonstrated increased knowledge through their ability to answer questions and plan follow-up. This initiative significantly increased participants' knowledge, awareness, and engagement to be able to take care of their babies' health and safeguard their health from the dangers of hypertension.

Crossing The Gap Between Stakeholders: Qualitative Study of Stakeholders’ Perspective on Adolescent Health Program in Surabaya

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Nearly 30% of Indonesian population is adolescent. Indonesia has various programs to improve the health status of adolescents from various sectors. However, the program intended for adolescent reproductive health has not been fully utilized, with one of the reasons being improper management by primary healthcare on cross-sector cooperation causing a knowledge gap among adolescents about the program. Purpose: This study aims to identify the perception of stakeholders from various sectors on adolescent health program in Surabaya, East Java. Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews and FGDs to relevant stakeholders. Research subjects came from elements of government (health, education, religion, family planning, and social), NGOs, media (radio, newspaper media), teachers (representatives of 10 high schools in Surabaya), parents (Family Health Empowerment group). Data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: Every governmental office has a program for adolescents, but most are only providing information. Therefore, NGOs complete programs have not been implemented by the government such as a peer educator program for high-risk community. The media also has youth programs that are tailored to the needs or trends. Teachers and parents as having the closest control with adolescents, also play a role in providing information and accompanying adolescents. The various roles of the various stakeholder groups require synergy efforts to avoid overlapping. Conclusion: Adolescents in Surabaya are considered unhealthy and engage in risky behaviors by relevant stakeholders. Various programs have been implemented to support adolescent health. However, different perspectives on implementing adolescent health programs can cause conflict between stakeholders or confusion among adolescents. The diversity of stakeholders involved in adolescent health programs also needs to be encouraged.

Provider Initiative HIV Testing And Counseling (PITC) Skills At Public Health Centers In Rural And Urban Areas

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Improving the quality of HIV testing services in public health centers must be supported by the knowledge of HIV that health worker professionals must have. In PITC services, the ability of health professionals to build relationships is crucial to establishing trust and good communication with patients. Providing information about HIV will help patients make decisions about their health status. However, the PITC services provided by health workers are less than satisfactory. Aims: This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the PITC skills of health professionals at Indonesian public health centers in urban and rural areas. Methods: Observational design with a cross-sectional approach was used in this research. The sample in this study involved 120 health worker professionals, including nurses, doctors, and midwives, who implemented HIV testing, who were selected using simple random sampling based on the location of their health center. The data were analyzed using multigroup analysis in SmartPLS 3 Result: The knowledge of HIV positively influenced the capability of health professionals to assess HIV risk factors and PITC skills (p = 0.011). The capability of health professionals to determine HIV risk factors also positively influenced PITC skills(p = 0.000). In addition, the ability of health professionals to build relationships with patients positively influenced PITC skills(p = 0.000). Conclusion: Different variables affect health professionals' PITC skills compared to rural and urban health professionals. Learning a language that the patient understands is highly recommended in providing good service during a HIV test.

Key Factors Influencing High Sweet Beverage Consumption During Complementary Feeding Period

Eka Setya Ardiningsih, Farid Agushybana, Zahroh Shaluhiyah — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Sweet beverages consumption during complementary feeding period is a major contributor to the increased risk of obesity and degenerative diseases in the future. Indonesia ranks third in Southeast Asia for sweet beverage consumption, with Central Java Province having the highest rate of fruit juice consumption during complementary feeding period (55.4%). An in-depth understanding of maternal characteristics is essential to formulate effective health promotion strategies to reduce sweet beverage consumption among children aged 6-23 months. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors associated with sweet beverage consumption during complementary feeding period in Semarang Regency. Methods: This quantitative research uses a cross-sectional approach with 244 mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Semarang Regency. Univariate analysis was conducted using frequency distribution, while multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression tests (p<0.05). Results: The percentage of high sweet beverage consumption among children aged 6-23 months in Semarang Regency was 63.93%. Lower maternal education (p=0.047), increasing family income (p=0.000), older child age (p=0.002), higher support from health cadres (p=0.030), and greater household food availability (p=0.000) were associated with a higher odds of sweet beverage consumption during complementary feeding. Conversely, healthy children (p=0.000) and greater access to information through social media (p=0.009) were associated with a lower likelihood of sweet beverage consumption during this period. Conclusion: Factors influencing sweet beverage consumption during complementary feeding include maternal education level, child health status, family income, child age, support from health cadres, access to information through social media, and household food availability.

Ludo Edutainment: A Media to Improving Knowledge and Attitude about HIV-AIDS Among Senior High School Students in Yogyakarta

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Indonesia had the third-highest number of new HIV/AIDS cases in the Asia-Pacific. Adolescents are more vulnerable, for almost half of all new cases worldwide. HIV/AIDS cases among 15–19-year-olds have increased in Indonesia for the last three years. Media is necessary to increase teenagers' awareness of and favorable attitudes about HIV/AIDS prevention. Objective: This study assessed the influence of the Ludo Healthy Smart Game on adolescents’ knowledge and positive attitudes toward HIV/AIDS prevention. Methods: The study was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group design. Senior high school students in Yogyakarta were the study samples. There were 130 respondents divided into two groups. Questionnaires used for data collection have been subject to validity and reliability tests. Univariate and bivariate data analyses were used. Results: This study found that the Ludo Healthy Smart Game is effective in improving adolescents’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS (p=0.000). The Ludo Healthy Smart Game does not affect positive attitudes toward HIV/AIDS prevention (p<0.005). However, there was an improvement in adolescents’ attitudes following the treatment. Conclusion: The Ludo Healthy Smart Game can be used as health educational media to increase knowledge about HIV/AIDS among adolescents. The higher the adolescents’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS, the better their behavior toward HIV/AIDS prevention.

Can Weekly Home Visits by The Community Improve Iron Supplementation Intake among Pregnant Women?

Kurnia Ramadhani — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Anemia is one of the significant health problems among pregnant women; one of the interventions by the government is through iron supplementation. The adherence rate among pregnant women to consume iron supplementation is still low. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of community empowerment on adherence to iron supplementation among pregnant women. Methods: This research was a mixed method with a quantitative and qualitative approach and used a quasi-experimental study. The pre-and post-tests of adherence rates were conducted using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) questionnaire. The research sample was 261 pregnant women in eight villages in the Tongas Public Health Center (PHC) working area. A total of 50 Community Health Workers (CHWs) visited pregnant women’s homes weekly to give health education and monitoring activities from October 2022 to April 2023. The statistical test used Wilcoxon and Chi-square. Results: There is a significant difference in adherence between before and after the weekly home visit with a p-value < 0.001 and there is no correlation between adherence rate in the post-test and the level of education of mothers with a p-value > 0.05. The mothers know the benefit of supplementation and families support it. Conclusion: the CHW’s weekly home visit can effectively improve the iron supplementation intake among pregnant women regardless of the level of education, and improve the knowledge of supplementation benefits and family support. It is recommended to continue the activity and the budget, and include iron adherence materials in all health activities for pregnant women.

Impact Of Maternal Education On Birth Weight and Gestational Age In West Java: A 2022 Study

Fiva Aprilia Kadi, Indah Anindya Pratiwi; Lulu Eva Rakhmilla — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Infant development is greatly influenced by maternal health. Maternal factors such as level of education and age impact self-care during pregnancy, resulting in heterogeneity of birth weight and gestational age. Objective: This study analyzes the association between maternal level of education and age with birth weight and gestational age. Methods: A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was performed by using medical records at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 1st January to 31st December 2019. Subjects were mothers who delivered single live-born and infants without congenital anomalies at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Data analysis represents the proportion between groups and the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) to observe the association between variables. Results: A total of 1574 birth data encounter the criteria in this study. Types of delivery, abnormality of amnion fluid, IUGR, PROM, and pregnancy complications didn’t differ between high- and low-risk groups of mothers. High-risk maternal age (<20 and >35 years old) was associated with gestational age (preterm birth, c=36.59 weeks; p=0.036). Maternal level of education wasn’t associated with gestational age and birth weight, also maternal age wasn’t associated with birth weight (p>0.05). Conclusion: High-risk maternal age (<20 and >35 years old) was associated with gestational age (preterm birth), however, a low level of education (no education, elementary school, and junior high school) wasn't shown to be related. Birth weight wasn't affected by maternal age and level of education. Further studies that account for socioeconomic aspect in regards of education level and birth weight and gestational age are necessary.

Digital Transformation in Antenatal Care in Indonesia: The Effectiveness of The 'Bundaqusehat' Application

Delmaifanis, Novita Rina Antarsih, Kemal N Siregar — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is recognized as an essential component of maternal health aimed at reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Antenatal care has undergone a digital transformation through mobile health (mHealth), but research specifically discussing mHealth solutions for antenatal care in Indonesia is still limited. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the web-based application Bundaqusehat in supporting antenatal services. Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group, and the research participants included 30 pregnant women from two Health Centers (intervention group) and one Health Center (control group). Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis used the T-test, with a significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The analysis showed significant improvements in pregnant women's knowledge (p = 0.001), satisfaction (p = 0.002), attitude (p = 0.002), behavior (p = 0.001), adherence to iron tablet consumption (p = 0.030), and fetal movement monitoring (p = 0.041). The intervention group showed greater adherence to the recommended antenatal practices than the control group. Conclusion: The Bundaqusehat application demonstrates significant potential in enhancing the quality of antenatal care, highlighting the critical role of digital health solutions. Future research should focus on refining and optimizing these digital interventions to maximize their positive impact.

The Effect of Health Promotion through Video Media on HIV/AIDS Stigma among Adolescents

Nursani A Haris, Dhesi Ari Astuti — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: HIV/AIDS is both a health and social issue, as its spread is heavily influenced by people's behaviors and knowledge. According to WHO data from 2022, 20 million adolescent females and 17.4 million adolescent males were infected with HIV. Meanwhile, data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (Kemenkes RI) in 2022 reported that 741 adolescents were diagnosed with HIV. In its efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, the Indonesian Ministry of Health is committed to achieving the "3 Zeroes" targets: zero new HIV infections, zero stigma and discrimination, and zero AIDS-related deaths. Video serves as a medium for delivering information and messages, which focuses on promoting health programs by prioritizing education, engaging health information, and effective communication. Aims: This study aims to investigate the effect of health promotion using video media on HIV/AIDS stigma among adolescents. Method: This study employed quantitative method with pre-experimental design. The sample consisted of 38 respondents selected through purposive sampling. A video about HIV/AIDS and a questionnaire were used as instruments. This study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest design with the Wilcoxon statistical test. Result: The results showed that health promotion through video media had a significant effect on reducing HIV/AIDS stigma among adolescents. The p-value is 0.000 < 0.05, which indicated that the (Ho) was rejected, and the (Ha) was accepted. Conclusion: There was a reduction in stigma following the health promotion using video media.

Capacity Building of Village Midwives to Improve Knowledge about Self-Medication at Omben Public Health Center, Sampang Regency, East Java Province

Shrimarti Rukmini Devy, Liza Pristiany; Toetik Koesbardiati — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Pregnancy is a physiological phase that needs to be prepared as well as possible. Sometimes when feeling complaints or symptoms of illness, pregnant women decide to take medication. However, most pregnant women do not know the safe use of drugs during pregnancy. This can certainly affect the health of the mother and the fetus in her womb. Therefore, it is necessary to provide information about self-medication so that pregnant women have sufficient knowledge of the right and safe drug consumption patterns. Based on these problems, this community empowerment program (PKM) is carried out to increase the capacity of village midwives. For this purpose, the study employed a quasi-experimental method. A total of 25 village midwives participated in the research. The program that will be carried out includes providing self-medication materials and communication methods, and training on how to make an RTL (follow-up action plan). After that, village midwives were taught to apply the snakes and ladders media as a means of delivering educational materials to pregnant women. The results of the activity show that there was an increase in the knowledge of village midwives after participating in the community empowerment program, leading to the conclusion that this snakes and ladders media can make it easier for pregnant women to understand the right self-medication during pregnancy so that pregnant women have additional knowledge and benefits in managing themselves regarding the right drug consumption.

Mental Health of Adolescents in the Strawberry Generation: A Bibliometric Analysis

Eny Qurniyawati, Trias Nirmalawati — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Basic Health Research (2018) recorded that more than 31 million people aged 15 years and above experience mental health disorders, with more than 19 million experiencing emotional disorders and 12 million depression. Adolescent mental health is an important issue in psychosocial development, especially in the digital era. The Strawberry Generation, which refers to today's teenagers, faces social and digital pressures that can cause stress, anxiety, and depression. Aims: This study aims to assess global research trends in adolescent mental health for the strawberry generation based on the emergence of terms in text data. Methods: A literature review using bibliometric analysis is used to answer the research objectives. Results: This study uses the Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases to analyze research between 2019 and 2024; the result is 500 journal articles. Results show that in the last 5 years, the trend of adolescent mental health research has had good stability with minor fluctuations. A significant increase occurred in 2020, while 2021 showed a mild decrease. From 2022 to 2024, the number of articles remained relatively stable although there was a slight decrease in 2024 due to the data being collected in August 2024. This stability suggests that the topic continues to receive consistent attention over a long period. Conclusion: Bibliometric analysis highlights increased publications on social media's impact on adolescent mental health but notes limited research with a lack of longitudinal methods; digital platforms like survey apps can aid periodic data collection for deeper long-term studies.

Improving Medical Wellness with Halal and Thayyib Certification in Traditional Health Services: A Literature Review

Riskha Dora Candra Dewi, Suryono — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Halal and thayyib certifications are generally used to certify that food products adhere to Islamic rules. "Halal" refers to what is permitted or halal in Islam, whereas "Thayyib" emphasizes goodness, safety, and responsible sourcing. However, certification can be applied to a variety of commodities and services, including traditional health services. Traditional healing services must be developed in a complete manner that respects cultural variety, stimulates collaboration among many healing traditions, assures quality and safety standards, and prioritizes community involvement and empowerment. Aims: This study examines thayyib and halal certification as a means of improving traditional health service promises and achieving medical wellness. Method: The present study employs a literature review methodology, drawing on national and international journals published between 2019 and 2023. The journal sources consulted for this research encompass PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and Research Gate. Result: The findings indicate that common beliefs about moral sourcing, religious compliance, and holistic health promotion underpin the association between halal and thayyib certification and medical health. Providers can deliver services that prioritize the safety, quality, and well-being of people as well as the community as a whole while still adhering to religious restrictions by incorporating this accreditation into their medical operations. Conclusion: In summary, the relationship between medical wellness and certifications for halal and thayyib highlights the value of cultural sensitivity, quality control, and comprehensive health promotion in healthcare services. Integrating this credential into medical practice allows healthcare professionals to serve a variety of patient populations better and advance inclusive, moral, and sustainable healthcare.