Identification of Saprophytic Mold Isolated from Mangrove Soil: A Review
Downloads
Saprophytic mold is one type of mold that has the ability to survive in extreme conditions, such as in mangrove soil. Saprophytic fungi act as the main organism in the process of decomposition of organic matter and energy flow in the mangrove area. Several researchers successfully identified 102 species and 33 genera of saprophytic fungi. Aspergillus is known to be the dominant mold on mangrove soils because of its characteristics, such as high sporulation and spore spread and its ability to withstand extreme environmental conditions. The use of saprophytic molds in biofertilizer manufacturing due to saprophytic molds can produce cellulase, xylinase, and ligninase enzymes to decompose organic matter and produce toxin compounds for pathogens in plants. The presence of mold species in mangrove soil is influenced by several factors, including the temperature level, season, the salinity of mangrove waters, soil pH, and oxygen.
D. Abdurrahman, “Biologi Kelompok Pertanian,” Bandung: Grafindo Media Pratama, 2008.
I. Anas, “Peranan pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas Beras Berkelanjutan,” SemNas Peranan Pupuk NPK dan Organik dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Swasembada Beras Berkelanjutan, BB Libang SDLP, vol. 24, 2010.
Y. B. Subowo, “Kemampuan Beberapa Jamur Tanah Dalam Menguraikan Pestisida Deltametrin Dan Senyawa Lignoselulosa [the Ability of Some Soil Fungi on Degradation of Deltamethrin and Lignocelluloses],” Ber Biol, vol. 12, no. 2, 2013.
A. M. A. Khalil, H. H. El-sheikh, and M. H. Sultan, “Distribution of fungi in mangrove soil of coastal areas at Nabq and Ras Mohammed Protectorates,” Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 264–274, 2013.
V. V Gilna and K. M. Khaleel, “Diversity of fungi in mangrove ecosystem,” Journal of Experimental Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 47–48, 2011.
B. C. Behera, R. R. Mishra, and H. N. Thatoi, “Diversity of soil fungi from mangroves of Mahanadi delta, Orissa, India,” J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Res, vol. 2, pp. 375–378, 2012.
S. Banupriya, G. Kanimozhi, and A. Panneerselvam, “Isolation and identification of fungal flora from mangroves of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu, India.,” 2014.
G. C. Okpokwasili, C. E. Ifenwanta, and C. O. Nweke, “The microflora of eagle island mangrove swamp, southern Nigeria,” Journal of Research in Biology, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 602–616, 2012.
M. Tariq, S. Dawar, and F. S. Mehdi, “Studies on the rhizosphere mycoflora of mangroves,” Turk J Botany, vol. 32, pp. 97–101, Jan. 2008.
A. X. Fernandes, S. M. Salique, and A. Panneerselvam, “Diversity of mycoflora in mangrove soils of Karankadu, Tamil Nadu, India.,” 2015.
A. B. Pinto, M. C. Canali, D. R. Polezel, R. A. M. Chinellato, and A. J. F. C. de Oliveira, “Density and diversity of filamentous fungi in the water and sediment of Araçá bay in São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil,” Biota Neotrop, vol. 18, p. e20170416, 2018.
N. Gofar, “Characterization of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposing fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere,” Journal of Tropical Soils, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2013.
Y. B. Subowo and C. Corazon, “Seleksi Jamur Tanah Pengurai Lignin Dan Pah Dari Beberapa Lingkungan Di Bali [Selection of Lignin and Pahs Degrading Fungi From Some Environment in Bali],” Ber Biol, vol. 10, no. 2, 2010.
S. LARASHATI and M. ILYAS, “Abundance and Diversity of Mould Inhabiting Muara Layang Estuary Sediment, Bangka Belitung Islands,” Biodiversitas, vol. 10, no. 2, 2009.
R. D. M. Simanungkalit, D. A. Suriadikarta, R. Saraswati, D. Setyorini, and W. Hartatik, “Pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati,” Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Bogor, vol. 312, 2006.
E. Rosita, R. Linda, and S. Khotimah, “Kapang pada tingkat kematangan gambut yang berbeda di kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Ambawang Kabupaten Kubu Raya,” Protobiont, vol. 3, no. 3, 2014.
U. Pandya and M. Saraf, “Role of Single Fungal Isolates and Consortia as Plant Growth Promoters under Saline Conditions,” Res J Biotechnol, vol. 5, pp. 5–9, Aug. 2010.
Y. B. Subowo, “Uji Aktifitas Enzim Selulase Dan Ligninase Dari Beberapa Jamur Dan Potensinya Sebagai Pendukung Pertumbuhan Tanaman Terong (Solarium Melongena) [the Test of Cellulase and Ligninase Enzymes From Some Fungi as Plant Growth Promoter for Eggplant],” Ber Biol, vol. 10, no. 1, 2010, doi: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v10i1.2044.
M. ILYAS, “Isolation and identification mould micoflora inhabiting plant leaf litter from Mount Lawu, Surakarta, Central Java,” Biodiversitas, vol. 8, no. 2, 2007.
B. Krishna De and S. Verma, “Characterization of lipids and fatty acids of the soil derived fungus Cladosporium sp.,” Grasas y Aceites, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 213–220, Jun. 2011, doi: 10.3989/gya.090910.
N. V Thiep, K. Soytong, N. Thi Kim Oanh, P. Huy Quang, and P. Hai Yen, “Reserch and development of enzymatic producing fungi as biofertilizer for tea and Arabica coffee production in northern Vietnam.,” 2019.
Y. Zhou et al., “Bacterial-fungal interactions under agricultural settings: from physical to chemical interactions,” Dec. 01, 2022, Springer. doi: 10.1007/s44154-022-00046-1.
E. A. Davidson and I. A. Janssens, “Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change,” Nature, vol. 440, no. 7081, pp. 165–173, 2006.
Z. Wang, J. H. Brown, Z. Tang, and J. Fang, “Temperature dependence, spatial scale, and tree species diversity in eastern Asia and North America,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 106, no. 32, pp. 13388–13392, 2009.
P. Suwanarit, W. Sriswadskulmee, S. Limtong, W. Yongmanitchai, and S. Aksornkoae, “Diversity of Fungi in Mangrove Forest,” 2005. [Online]. Available: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85901341
U. Phonrod, Y. Aramsirirujiwet, V. Sri-indrasutdhi, J. Ueapattanakit, C. Chuaseeharonnachai, and P. Suwannarit, “Biodiversity of fungi in seawater and sediment from mangrove forest at Andaman coastal research station for development, Ranong province,” Asia Pac. J. Sci. Technol, vol. 21, pp. 77–85, 2016.
K. Nazim, M. Ahmed, S. S. Shaukat, and M. U. Khan, “Seasonal variation of litter accumulation and putrefaction with reference to decomposers in a mangrove forest in Karachi, Pakistan,” Turk J Botany, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 735–743, 2013.
J. Vanegas, A. Muñoz-García, K. A. Pérez-Parra, I. Figueroa-Galvis, O. Mestanza, and J. Polanía, “Effect of salinity on fungal diversity in the rhizosphere of the halophyte Avicennia germinans from a semi-arid mangrove,” Fungal Ecol, vol. 42, p. 100855, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2019.07.009.
D. J. Mohamed and J. B. H. Martiny, “Patterns of fungal diversity and composition along a salinity gradient,” ISME J, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 379–388, 2011.
N. Chowdhury, P. Marschner, and R. Burns, “Response of microbial activity and community structure to decreasing soil osmotic and matric potential,” Plant Soil, vol. 344, pp. 241–254, 2011.
J. Rousk and E. Bååth, “Growth of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria in soil,” FEMS Microbiol Ecol, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 17–30, 2011.
C. Raghukumar, “Marine fungal biotechnology: an ecological perspective,” 2008.
F. Grosso, E. Bååth, and F. De Nicola, “Bacterial and fungal growth on different plant litter in Mediterranean soils: effects of C/N ratio and soil pH,” Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 108, pp. 1–7, 2016.
N. Verma, J. Tarafdar, and K. Srivastava, “Periodic changes in Prosopis cineraria associated AM population at different soil depth and its relationship with organic carbon and soil moisture,” Afr J Microbiol Res, vol. 4, Jan. 2010.
A. Shukla, D. Vyas, and J. Anuradha, “Soil depth: an overriding factor for distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,” J Soil Sci Plant Nutr, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 23–33, 2013.
K. D. Hyde and S. Y. Lee, “Ecology of mangrove fungi and their role in nutrient cycling: what gaps occur in our knowledge?,” Hydrobiologia, vol. 295, pp. 107–118, 1995.
A. Gupta, R. Gupta, and R. L. Singh, “Microbes and Environment,” in Principles and Applications of Environmental Biotechnology for a Sustainable Future, R. L. Singh, Ed., Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017, pp. 43–84. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-1866-4_3.
J. Aislabie, J. R. Deslippe, and J. Dymond, “Soil microbes and their contribution to soil services,” Ecosystem services in New Zealand–conditions and trends. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand, vol. 1, no. 12, pp. 143–161, 2013.
J. Schimel, “Ecosystem Consequences of Microbial Diversity and Community Structure,” in Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences, F. S. Chapin and C. Körner, Eds., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995, pp. 239–254. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-78966-3_17.
L. R. Lynd, P. J. Weimer, W. H. Van Zyl, and I. S. Pretorius, “Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology,” Microbiology and molecular biology reviews, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 506–577, 2002.
A. Sengupta and S. G. Chaudhuri, “Ecology of Microfungi in Mangrove Sediments at the Ganges River Estuary in India,” The Indian Forester, vol. 121, pp. 807–812, 1995, [Online]. Available: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90531204
J. H. Brown, J. F. Gillooly, A. P. Allen, V. M. Savage, and G. B. West, “Toward a metabolic theory of ecology,” Ecology, vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 1771–1789, 2004.
T. Alsumaiti and S. Shahid, “A Comprehensive analysis of mangrove soil in eastern lagoon National Park of Abu Dhabi Emirate,” International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science (IJBASS), vol. 4, no. 5, 2018.
Q. N. Nji, O. O. Babalola, and M. Mwanza, “Soil Aspergillus species, pathogenicity and control perspectives,” Journal of Fungi, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 766, 2023.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Bio-molecule Research And Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
1. By submitting the article toJournal of Bio-Molecule Research and Engineering [JBIOME], the author has agreed to transfer some of the copyrights to the publisher of the research chemistry journal, Universitas Airlangga, indicated in the Copyright Transfer Agreement.
2. Authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles for non-commercial purposes subject to Creative Commons Attribution-NonComercial-ShareALike 4.0 International License
3. All publications (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, library, and other non-commercial purposes. Besides the purposes mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violations.
