Preventing Employee Turnover in Hospital Management
Preliminary Study
Downloads
Turnover intention can be triggered by organizational and job factors. there are several studies related to work factors, namely, job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior while to organizational factors namely employee engagement, job involvement or employee work involvement is a form of responsibility or full commitment of employees in involving themselves through roles and concern with their work both in terms of physic, knowledge, and emotional. The research used a quantitative research approach, and the analytical method used validity and reliability tests as a measure of accuracy instruments in the measurement and testing of data collection tools and as a test tool to determine consistency instrument measurement.
Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Al Doghan, M. A., Saraih, U. N., & Soomro, B. A. (2024). Forecasting turnover intention: an analysis of psychological factors and perceived organizational support among healthcare professionals. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 17(5), 645–661. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0043
Al Yahyaei, A., Hewison, A., Efstathiou, N., & Carrick-Sen, D. (2022). Nurses’ intention to stay in the work environment in acute healthcare: a systematic review. Journal of Research in Nursing, 27(4), 374–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871221080731
Al-Dossary, R. N. (2022). The Relationship Between Nurses’ Quality of Work-Life on Organizational Loyalty and Job Performance in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.918492
Al-refaei, A. A.-A., Ali, H. B. M., Ateeq, A. A., & Alzoraiki, M. (2023). An Integrated Mediating and Moderating Model to Improve Service Quality through Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment. Sustainability, 15(10), 7978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107978
Boamah, S. A., Kalu, M. E., Havaei, F., McMillan, K., & Belita, E. (2023). Predictors of Nursing Faculty Job and Career Satisfaction, Turnover Intentions, and Professional Outlook: A National Survey. Healthcare, 11(14), 2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142099
Brennan, M. D., & Monson, V. (2014). Professionalism: Good for Patients and Health Care Organizations. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89(5), 644–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.011
Bret Becton, J., Giles, W. F., & Schraeder, M. (2008). Evaluating and rewarding OCBs. Employee Relations, 30(5), 494–514. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450810888277
Brunetto, Y., Shacklock, K., Teo, S., & Farr-Wharton, R. (2014). The impact of management on the engagement and well-being of high emotional labour employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(17), 2345–2363. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.877056
Butt, S., Raza, A., Siddiqui, R., Saleem, Y., Cook, B., & Khan, H. (2024). Healthcare employment landscape: comparing job markets for professionals in developed and developing countries. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 16(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-06-2023-0052
Carmeli, A. (2005). Exploring determinants of job involvement: an empirical test among senior executives. International Journal of Manpower, 26(5), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720510615143
Cavanagh, J., Fisher, R., Francis, M., & Gapp, R. (2012). Linking nurses’ attitudes and behaviors to organizational values: Implications for human resource management. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(5), 673–684. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.5172/jmo.2012.18.5.673
Chen, G., & Kanfer, R. (2006). Toward a Systems Theory of Motivated Behavior in Work Teams. Research in Organizational Behavior, 27, 223–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(06)27006-0
Chen, H., Kewou, N. Y. N., Atingabili, S., Sogbo, A. D. Z., & Tcheudjeu, A. T. (2024). The impact of psychological capital on nurses’ job performance: a chain mediation analysis of problem-focused coping and job engagement. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01802-6
Cho, Y. J., & Lewis, G. B. (2012). Turnover Intention and Turnover Behavior. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(1), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X11408701
Cogin, J. A., Ng, J. L., & Lee, I. (2016). Controlling healthcare professionals: how human resource management influences job attitudes and operational efficiency. Human Resources for Health, 14(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0149-0
Cole, M. S., Walter, F., Bedeian, A. G., & O’Boyle, E. H. (2012). Job Burnout and Employee Engagement. Journal of Management, 38(5), 1550–1581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311415252
Erickson, R. J., & Grove, W. J. C. (2008). Emotional Labor and Health Care. Sociology Compass, 2(2), 704–733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00084.x
Fulmore, J. A., Fulmore, A. L., Mull, M., & Cooper, J. N. (2023). Reducing employee turnover intentions in the service sector: The connection between human resource development practices and employee engagement. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 34(2), 127–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21471
Garg, N., Mahipalan, M., & Sharma, N. (2023). Does workplace toxicity influence turnover intentions among Indian healthcare employees? Investigating the moderating role of gratitude. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 37(2), 250–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-08-2022-0233
Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu, H., Balkaş, J., Altaş, S. S., & Sevimli Güler, D. (2025). The effect of health professionals’ perceptions of organizational impediments on emotional labor and job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1537830
Haider, S., Fernandez-Ortiz, A., & de Pablos Heredero, C. (2017). Organizational citizenship behavior and implementation of evidence-based practice: Moderating role of senior management’s support. Health Systems, 6(3), 226–241. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41306-017-0026-7
Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Wheeler, A. R. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work & Stress, 22(3), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802383962
Hallett, E., Simeon, E., Amba, V., Howington, D., McConnell, K. J., & Zhu, J. M. (2024). Factors Influencing Turnover and Attrition in the Public Behavioral Health System Workforce: Qualitative Study. Psychiatric Services, 75(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.20220516
Hayes, L. J., O’Brien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., Laschinger, H. K. S., & North, N. (2012). Nurse turnover: A literature review – An update. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(7), 887–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.10.001
Hazzi, O. A. (2022). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Holistic Review. In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 8825–8837). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_3677
He, X., Mao, Y., Cao, H., Li, L., Wu, Y., & Yang, H. (2024). Factors influencing the development of nursing professionalism: a descriptive qualitative study. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 283. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01945-6
Holm, K., Jönsson, S., & Muhonen, T. (2023). How are witnessed workplace bullying and bystander roles related to perceived care quality, work engagement, and turnover intentions in the healthcare sector? A longitudinal study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 138, 104429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104429
Hoxha, G., Simeli, I., Theocharis, D., Vasileiou, A., & Tsekouropoulos, G. (2024). Sustainable Healthcare Quality and Job Satisfaction through Organizational Culture: Approaches and Outcomes. Sustainability, 16(9), 3603. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093603
Huang, S. Y. B., Huang, C.-H., & Chang, T.-W. (2022). A New Concept of Work Engagement Theory in Cognitive Engagement, Emotional Engagement, and Physical Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663440
Humphreys, J., Brunsen, B., & Davis, D. (2005). Emotional structure and commitment: implications for health care management. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 19(2), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777260510600040
Islam, T., & Tariq, J. (2018). Learning organizational environment and extra-role behaviors. Journal of Management Development, 37(3), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-01-2017-0039
Jiao, C., Richards, D. A., & Zhang, K. (2011). Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: OCB-Specific Meanings as Mediators. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(1), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9168-3
Keyko, K. (2014). Work engagement in nursing practice. Nursing Ethics, 21(8), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733014523167
Kivimäki, M., Vanhala, A., Pentti, J., Länsisalmi, H., Virtanen, M., Elovainio, M., & Vahtera, J. (2007). Team climate, intention to leave and turnover among hospital employees: Prospective cohort study. BMC Health Services Research, 7(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-7-170
Knoop, R. (1995). Relationships Among Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment for Nurses. The Journal of Psychology, 129(6), 643–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1995.9914935
Krijgsheld, M., Tummers, L. G., & Scheepers, F. E. (2022). Job performance in healthcare: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07357-5
López-Cabarcos, M. Á., López-Carballeira, A., & Ferro-Soto, C. (2019). The role of emotional exhaustion among public healthcare professionals. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 33(6), 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-04-2019-0091
Malik, N., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). Authentic leadership and its impact on extra role behaviour of nurses. Personnel Review, 46(2), 277–296. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2015-0140
Marques-Pinto, A., Jesus, É. H., Mendes, A. M. O. C., Fronteira, I., & Roberto, M. S. (2018). Nurses’ Intention to Leave the Organization: A Mediation Study of Professional Burnout and Engagement. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 21, E32. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2018.30
Organ, D. W. (2018). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Recent Trends and Developments. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Sage publications.
Pham, N. T., Jabbour, C. J. C., Pereira, V., Usman, M., Ali, M., & Vo‐Thanh, T. (2023). Common good human resource management, ethical employee behaviors, and organizational citizenship behaviors toward the individual. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(4), 977–1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12493
Rabinowitz, S., & Hall, D. T. (1977). Organizational research on job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 84(2), 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.2.265
Riipinen, M. (1997). The Relationship Between Job Involvement and Well-Being. The Journal of Psychology, 131(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989709603506
Riley, R., & Weiss, M. C. (2016). A qualitative thematic review: emotional labour in healthcare settings. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12738
Salanova, M., Lorente, L., Chambel, M. J., & Martínez, I. M. (2011). Linking transformational leadership to nurses’ extra-role performance: the mediating role of self-efficacy and work engagement. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(10), 2256–2266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05652.x
Schwarz, G., Newman, A., Yu, J., & Michaels, V. (2023). Psychological entitlement and organizational citizenship behaviors: the roles of employee involvement climate and affective organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(1), 197–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1962388
Sharma, J., & Dhar, R. L. (2016). Factors influencing job performance of nursing staff. Personnel Review, 45(1), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2014-0007
Shuck, B., Ghosh, R., Zigarmi, D., & Nimon, K. (2013). The Jingle Jangle of Employee Engagement. Human Resource Development Review, 12(1), 11–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484312463921
Sidorenkov, A. V., Borokhovski, E. F., & Vorontsov, D. V. (2023). Associations of employees’ identification and citizenship behavior in organization: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Management Review Quarterly, 73(2), 695–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00258-9
Simpson, M. R. (2009). Engagement at work: A review of the literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(7), 1012–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.05.003
Singh, A., & Gupta, B. (2015). Job involvement, organizational commitment, professional commitment, and team commitment. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 22(6), 1192–1211. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-01-2014-0007
Singh, A., & Rangnekar, S. (2020a). Empowering leadership in hospital employees. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 69(7), 1497–1519. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2019-0132
Singh, A., & Rangnekar, S. (2020b). Enhancing proactivity among hospital employees: a serial mediation model. International Journal of Business Excellence, 21(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2020.106940
Sugiyono, D. (2013). Metode penelitian pendidikan pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Suomi, K., Saraniemi, S., Vähätalo, M., Kallio, T. J., & Tevameri, T. (2021). Employee Engagement and Internal Branding: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Corporate Reputation Review, 24(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-019-00090-0
Sypniewska, B., Baran, M., & Kłos, M. (2023). Work engagement and employee satisfaction in the practice of sustainable human resource management – based on the study of Polish employees. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(3), 1069–1100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00834-9
Szilvassy, P., & Širok, K. (2022). Importance of work engagement in primary healthcare. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1044. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08402-7
Tabur, A., Elkefi, S., Emhan, A., Mengenci, C., Bez, Y., & Asan, O. (2022). Anxiety, Burnout and Depression, Psychological Well-Being as Predictor of Healthcare Professionals’ Turnover during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study in a Pandemic Hospital. Healthcare, 10(3), 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030525
Teoh, M. W., Wang, Y., & Kwek, A. (2019). Coping with emotional labor in high stress hospitality work environments. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(8), 883–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1571979
Tunc, T., & Kutanis, R. O. (2009). Role conflict, role ambiguity, and burnout in nurses and physicians at a university hospital in Turkey. Nursing & Health Sciences, 11(4), 410–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2009.00475.x
van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., van Dam, K., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2009). Intention to leave nursing. Career Development International, 14(7), 616–635. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430911005681
Waheed, J., Jun, W., Yousaf, Z., Radulescu, M., & Hussain, H. (2021). Towards Employee Creativity in the Healthcare Sector: Investigating the Role of Polychronicity, Job Engagement, and Functional Flexibility. Healthcare, 9(7), 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070837
Widyacahya, F., & Wulandari, R. D. (2018). Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Kondisi Kerja Terhadap Keterlibatan Kerja Karyawan Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 6(1), 21–26.
