The Impact of Bullying on Feminine Men: A Literature Review
Downloads
Feminine men experience a lot of pressure from society, such as bullying and exclusion, in the hope that they will follow the prevailing gender norms. This becomes a pressure in itself and has an impact on their psychological dynamics. This article was written with the aim of studying the impact of bullying on feminine men. This article was prepared using the scoping review method based on previous research sourced from Google Scholar published between 2014 – 2023. The results of the analysis of 5 literature revealed that feminine men experience psychological impact on the emotional aspects: sense of insecurity, anxiety, feeling lonely, as well as feeling unhappy. Emotional aspects affect cognitive and behavioral aspects: decreased self-esteem, decreased academic ability, and decreased social functions such as helplessness, withdrawal and decreased social competence. The implications of the research are to build an inclusive environment, instill empathy and respect for differences, create anti-bullying programs and support victims of bullying.
Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
Carrera-Fernández, M. V., Lameiras-Fernández, M., & Rodríguez-Castro, Y. (2018). Performing intelligible genders through violence: Bullying as gender practice and heteronormative control. Gender and Education, 30(3), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1203884
Good, J. J., & Sanchez, D. T. (2010). Doing Gender for Different Reasons: Why Gender Conformity Positively and Negatively Predicts Self-Esteem. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34(2), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.01562.x
Gordon, A. R., Conron, K. J., Calzo, J. P., White, M. T., Reisner, S. L., & Austin, S. B. (2018). Gender Expression, Violence, and Bullying Victimization: Findings From Probability Samples of High School Students in 4 US School Districts. Journal of School Health, 88(4), 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12606
Gower, A. L., Rider, G. N., Coleman, E., Brown, C., McMorris, B. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2018). Perceived Gender Presentation Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Approaches to Analysis and Associations with Bullying Victimization and Emotional Distress. LGBT Health, 5(5), 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2017.0176
Ioverno, S., DeLay, D., Martin, C. L., & Hanish, L. D. (2021). Who Engages in Gender Bullying? The Role of Homophobic Name-Calling, Gender Pressure, and Gender Conformity. Educational Researcher, 50(4), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20968067
Kowalski, R. M., Agatston, P. W., Limber, S. P., & Limber, S. (2012). Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age (2nd ed). Wiley-Blackwell.
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth: Prevalence and Association With Psychosocial Adjustment. JAMA, 285(16), 2094. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.16.2094
Navarro, R., Larrañaga, E., & Yubero, S. (2016). Gender Identity, Gender-Typed Personality Traits and School Bullying: Victims, Bullies and Bully-Victims. Child Indicators Research, 9(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-015-9300-z
Rettew, D. C., & Pawlowski, S. (2016). Bullying. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25(2), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2015.12.002
Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. S. (2021). The social psychology of gender: How power and intimacy shape gender relations (Second Edition). The Guilford Press.
Swim, J. K., Gillis, A., & Hamaty, K. J. (2020). Gender Bending and Gender Conformity: The Social Consequences of Engaging in Feminine and Masculine Pro-Environmental Behaviors. Sex Roles, 82(5–6), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01061-9
UNICEF. (2020). BULLYING IN INDONESIA: Key Facts, Solutions, and Recommendations (hlm. 1–4). UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/5606/file/Bullying in Indonesia.pdf
Vantieghem, W., & Van Houtte, M. (2015). Are Girls more Resilient to Gender-Conformity Pressure? The Association Between Gender-Conformity Pressure and Academic Self-Efficacy. Sex Roles, 73(1–2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0509-6
Walton, L. M. (2018). The Effects of "Bias Based Bullying” (BBB) on Health, Education, and Cognitive–Social–Emotional Outcomes in Children with Minority Backgrounds: Proposed Comprehensive Public Health Intervention Solutions. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 20(2), 492–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-017-0547-y
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdullah Zaidan, Nono Hery Yoenanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
BRPKM is a periodical publication with open access to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0). Therfore, the copyright remains with the author.
With this license, anyone has the right to use the information and to re-distribute the content contained in this journal for any purpose, including commercial purposes. It can be done as long as it fulfills two conditions, namely; (1) you shall provide attribution by citing the original link source, and state if any changes have been made; and (2) you may not use any legal provisions or technological means of control that can legally restrict others from doing the things that are permitted by this license.
Journal editors will not ask the author to approve the transfer of copyright on all published manuscripts.