Benzene Exposure on Rig X from Drilling Fluid and Effectiveness of Local Exhaust Ventilation
Downloads
Introduction: Benzene is a carcinogenic compound commonly found in drilling fluid, a chemical used in oil and gas drilling operations. Benzene exposure to workers is known to cause acute and/or chronic disease. Adequate control measures shall be identified and implemented to prevent the adverse health effects of benzene from the utilization of drilling fluid. Methods: This study measured benzene concentrations at several locations, above the drilling rig, which has the potential risk of benzene vapor exposure. From the measurement results, if the threshold limit value was exceeded, LEV was proposed to be installed and the effectiveness of LEV at each location would be assessed. A two-tailed t-test was used with a confidence level of 95% (α=0.05) to measure the effectiveness of LEV. Results: In several areas, benzene concentration exceeded TLV-TWA, and LEV was installed in those areas as control measures. In this study, it was found that LEV was not always effective in reducing the concentration of benzene in some areas. Conclusion: Drilling fluid was essential for drilling activity, and this could cause benzene vapor to contaminate the working area. The installation of the LEV shall consider the type of containment through which the drilling fluid flows to ensure the mitigation measures are effective to reduce the concentration of benzene in the air that may be exposed to workers.
Keywords: benzene, drilling fluid, exhaust ventilation
ACGIH (2021) 2021 TLVs and BEIs. Cincinnati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Barton, C. (2014) ‘Benzene', in Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Elsevier, pp. 415–418.
Bassig, B. A. et al. (2015) ‘Occupational Exposure to Benzene and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Population-based Cohort: The Shanghai Women's Health Study', Environmental Health Perspectives, 123(10), pp. 971–977.
Bridges, S. and Robinson, L. (2020) A Practical Handbook for Drilling Fluids Processing. Elsevier: Gulf Professional Publishing.
Brief, R. S. and Scala, R. A. (1975) ‘Occupational Exposure Limits For Novel Work Schedules', American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 36(6), pp. 467–469.
Broni-Bediako, E. and Amorin, R. (2010) ‘Effects of Drilling Fluid Exposure to Oil and Gas Workers Presented with Major Areas of Exposure and Exposure Indicators', Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2(8), pp. 710–719.
Carrieri, M. et al. (2018) ‘Biological Monitoring of Low Level Exposure to Benzene in an Oil Refinery: Effect of Modulating Factors', Toxicology Letters, 298(July), pp. 70–75.
Chan, L. et al. (2020) ‘Drilling Fluids: Presence of Hazardous Btexs and Crystalline Silica', Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 8(3), pp. 1029–1035.
Daae, H. L. et al. (2019) ‘Occupational Exposure during Treatment of Offshore Drilling Waste and Characterization of Microbiological Diversity', Science of the Total Environment, 681, pp. 533–540.
Febyan, A. W., Linardi, M., and Hudyono, J. (2015) ‘Pengaruh Pajanan Benzena terhadap Timbulnya Leukemia Mieloid Akut pada Pekerja yang Terpajan', Buletin Asosiasi Fakultas Kedokteran Swasta Indonesia (AFKSI), (May), pp. 1–14.
Flynn, M. R. and Susi, P. (2012) ‘Local Exhaust Ventilation for the Control of Welding Fumes in the Construction Industry”A Literature Review', The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 56(7), pp. 764–776.
Gjesteland, I. et al. (2018) ‘Biomonitoring of Benzene and Effect of Wearing Respirators during an Oil Spill Field Trial at Sea', Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 62(8), pp. 1033–1039.
Hasan, N. H., Said, M. R. and Leman, A. M. (2012) ‘Local Exhaust Ventilation and Application : A Review', International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 12(4), pp. 39–43.
IPIECA (2009) ‘Drilling fluids and health risk management'.
Mallach, G. et al. (2017) ‘Exhaust ventilation in attached garages improves residential indoor air quality', Indoor Air, 27(2), pp. 487–499.
Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, (2016) Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 70 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar dan Persyaratan Kesehatan Lingkungan Kerja Industri. Jakarta: Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia,.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2014) ‘CDC - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Benzene - NIOSH Publications and Products', NIOSH.
Sekar, A., Varghese, G. K. and Ravi Varma, M. K. (2019) ‘Analysis of Benzene Air Quality Standards, Monitoring Methods and Concentrations in Indoor and Outdoor Environment', Heliyon, 5(11), p. e02918.
Talibov, M. et al. (2018) ‘Benzene Exposure at Workplace and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Four Nordic Countries', Cancer Epidemiology, 55(January), pp. 156–161.
Tualeka, A. R. et al. (2020) ‘Prediction of The Needs for Benzene Detox with Foods Intake Containing CYP2E1 Enzyme, Sulfation, and Glutathione at Gas Stations Pancoranmas Depok, Indonesia', Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 14(1), pp. 118-123.
Tunsaringkarn, T. et al. (2012) ‘Cancer Risk Analysis of Benzene, Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde on Sasoline Station Workers', Journal of Environmental Engineering and Ecological Science, 1(1), p. 1-6.
US OSHA (2014) ‘Safety and Health Topics - Benzene', Safety and Health Topics.
In order to be accepted and published by The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Author(s) who submit an article should complete all the review process. The copyright of received articles assigned to the The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health and Department of Safety and Health, Universitas Airlangga as publishers of the journal. The intended copyright includes the rights to publish articles in various forms (including reprints).
The Editorial Team of The Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health and Department of Safety and Health strive to ensure that no errors occur in the articles that have been published, both data errors and statements in the article.
Users of this website will be licensed to use materials from this website following the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. No fees charged. Please use the materials accordingly.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.