EARLY STRESS DETECTION DURING PREGNANCY USING E-HEALTH IN THE PANDEMIC
Background: Women are more prone to stress during pregnancy than during the postpartum period. Stress during pregnancy is correlated with pregnancy and birth outcomes. Early detection using the e-health system is an alternative to health services during the pandemic.
Aims: The research objective was to produce innovation in early stress detection using an information system based on the e-Health system.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Ngaliyan Primary Healthcare Centre with 34 pregnant women. This study utilized both qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research used the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), while quantitative research used an experimental design with a one-shot case study approach.
Results: The e-Health system could automatically identify stress during pregnancy, with the TAM questionnaire yielding a very effective result of 85.4%. The average time needed to detect pregnant women's stress was 230.94 seconds. This system can analyze 374 pregnant women within one day (24 hours), provide services, and report pregnant women's stress detection results.
Conclusions: The e-Health system effectively conserves time and can be used to record and report early stress in pregnant women.
Keywords: early detection, information system, pregnancy, smartphone, stress
Aini, F.N., Widyawati, M.N. and Santoso, B. (2019) ‘Diagnosa Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Berbasis Web', Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 2(2), pp. 18–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v2i2.508.
Al-Emran, M., Mezhuyev, V. and Kamaludin, A. (2018) ‘Technology Acceptance Model in M-learning context: A systematic review', Computers & Education, 125, pp. 389–412. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.008.
Berthelon, M., Kruger, D.I. and Sánchez, R. (2018) ‘Maternal Stress During Pregnancy and Early Childhood Development', SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3170241.
Chang, W.-H. (2020) ‘COVID-19 pandemic's effects on the quality of pregnant women's emergency treatment: Review of two cases from a medical center in northern Taiwan', Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 59(6), pp. 795–800. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2020.09.003.
Corbijn van Willenswaard, K. et al. (2017) ‘Music interventions to reduce stress and anxiety in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis', BMC Psychiatry, 17(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1432-x.
Firth, J. et al. (2017) ‘Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Journal of Affective Disorders, 218, pp. 15–22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.046.
Glover, V. (2020) ‘Prenatal mental health and the effects of stress on the foetus and the child. Should psychiatrists look beyond mental disorders?', World Psychiatry, 19(3), pp. 331–332. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20777.
Gómez-de-Regil, L. et al. (2020) ‘Mobile Apps for the Management of Comorbid Overweight/Obesity and Depression/Anxiety: A Systematic Review', Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2020, p. 9317179. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9317179.
Huizink, A.C. et al. (2015) ‘Adaption of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire–revised for all pregnant women regardless of parity: PRAQ-R2', Archives of Women's Mental Health, 19(1), pp. 125–132. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0531-2.
Kashanian, M. et al. (2019) ‘Woman's perceived stress during pregnancy; stressors and pregnancy adverse outcomes', The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 34(2), pp. 207–215. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1602600.
Kharaghani, R., Arasteh, A. and zenoozian, saeedeh (2019) ‘Pregnancy Adaptation and its Association with Attachment Styles in Wanted and Unwanted Pregnancies', Preventive Care In Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 8(4), pp. 32–42. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29252/pcnm.8.4.32.
Kingston, D. et al. (2017) ‘Pregnant Women's Perceptions of the Risks and Benefits of Disclosure During Web-Based Mental Health E-Screening Versus Paper-Based Screening: Randomized Controlled Trial', JMIR Mental Health, 4(4), p. e42. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.6888.
Linardon, J. et al. (2019) ‘The efficacy of app"supported smartphone interventions for mental health problems: a meta"analysis of randomized controlled trials', World Psychiatry, 18(3), pp. 325–336. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20673.
Livingston, N.A. et al. (2019) ‘Self-help Smartphone Applications for Alcohol Use, PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression: Addressing the New Research-Practice Gap', Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 4(2), pp. 139–151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-019-00099-6.
Loughnan, S.A. et al. (2018) ‘Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for perinatal anxiety and depression versus treatment as usual: study protocol for two randomised controlled trials', Trials, 19(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2422-5.
Lukoff, K. et al. (2018) ‘What Makes Smartphone Use Meaningful or Meaningless?', Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 2(1), pp. 1–26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1145/3191754.
Martínez-Borba, V., Suso-Ribera, C. and Osma, J. (2018) ‘The Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Perinatal Depression Screening: A Systematic Review', Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(12), pp. 741–752. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0416.
Ministry of Health, B.B. (2023) Buku KIA: Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia.
Motosko, C.C. et al. (2017) ‘Physiologic changes of pregnancy: A review of the literature', International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 3(4), pp. 219–224. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.09.003.
Pangesti, W.D. (2018) ‘Adaptasi Psikologis Ibu Hamil dalam Pencapaian Peran Sebagai Ibu di Puskesmas Kembaran Kabupaten Banyumas', Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan, 10(1), pp. 13–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35960/vm.v10i1.395.
Raharjana, I.K. (2017) Pengembangan sistem informasi menggunakan metodologi agile. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Runjati, . et al. (2017) ‘The Effect of Antenatal Class Plus Coping Skill Training on the Level of Stress and Childbirth Self-Efficacy', Advanced Science Letters, 23(4), pp. 3329–3333. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9125.
Simbolon, N., Malini, H. and Muharni, S. (2019) ‘Perbandingan Pengaruh Sistem Surveilans Berbasis Elektronik Dan Paper Based Terhadap Pencatatan Dan Kemampuan Deteksi Risiko Hais Oleh Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Awal Bros Batam', NERS Jurnal Keperawatan, 15(2), p. 74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.25077/njk.15.2.74-83.2019.
Tsai, Y. et al. (2018) ‘Effects of a Web"Based Antenatal Care System on Maternal Stress and Self"Efficacy During Pregnancy: A Study in Taiwan', Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 63(2), pp. 205–213. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12685.
Urizar, G.G. et al. (2019) ‘The SMART Moms Program: A Randomized Trial of the Impact of Stress Management on Perceived Stress and Cortisol in Low-Income Pregnant Women', Psychoneuroendocrinology, 104, pp. 174–184. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.022.
Wu, B. and Chen, X. (2017) ‘Continuance intention to use MOOCs: Integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and task technology fit (TTF) model', Computers in Human Behavior, 67, pp. 221–232. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.028.
Zijlmans, M.A.C. et al. (2017) ‘Maternal late pregnancy anxiety and stress is associated with children's health: a longitudinal study', Stress, 20(5), pp. 495–504. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2017.1348497.
Copyright (c) 2023 Runjati Runjati; Sri Rahayu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. As an author you (or your employer or institution) may do the following:
- make copies (print or electronic) of the article for your own personal use, including for your own classroom teaching use;
- make copies and distribute such copies (including through e-mail) of the article to research colleagues, for the personal use by such colleagues (but not commercially or systematically, e.g. via an e-mail list or list server);
- present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute copies of the article to the delegates attending such meeting;
- for your employer, if the article is a ‘work for hire', made within the scope of your employment, your employer may use all or part of the information in the article for other intra-company use (e.g. training);
- retain patent and trademark rights and rights to any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the article;
- include the article in full or in part in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially);
- use the article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of your works, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent to publication of the article in the journal); and prepare other derivative works, to extend the article into book-length form, or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the journal;
- may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the article, material extracted from the article, or derivative works for the author's personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice are indicated.
All copies, print or electronic, or other use of the paper or article must include the appropriate bibliographic citation for the article's publication in the journal.
2. Requests from third parties
Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the article in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
3. Author Online Use
- Personal Servers. Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of articles pre-print version of the article, or revised personal version of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from JAKI;
- Classroom or Internal Training Use. An author is expressly permitted to post any portion of the accepted version of his/her own articles on the author's personal web site or the servers of the author's institution or company in connection with the author's teaching, training, or work responsibilities, provided that the appropriate copyright, credit, and reuse notices appear prominently with the posted material. Examples of permitted uses are lecture materials, course packs, e-reserves, conference presentations, or in-house training courses;
