SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR MICROPLANNING TO ADDRESS IMMUNIZATION INEQUALITIES IN INDONESIA

Child mortality Health risk Immunization Micro-planning vaccine

Authors

  • Erni Astutik
    erniastutik@fkm.unair.ac.id
    Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Arief Hargono Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Kurnia Dwi Artanti Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Atik Choirul Hidajah Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Zida Husnina Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • Siti Shofiya Novita Sari Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • R. Vensya Sitohang Directorate General of Primary and Community Health, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • Asik Surya Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • Ratna Budi Hapsari Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • Marta Feletto Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
June 30, 2025

Background: To achieve high and equitable immunization coverage, it is important to understand the access and utilization barriers, as well as the influencing determinants among population groups.

Aims: This study aims to identify high-risk regencies and explore the application of spatial analysis to support microplanning in immunization programs.

Methods: This study employed an implementation research design conducted in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Secondary datasets on immunization coverage, health human resources, facilities, and socio-economic parameters were analyzed. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and training sessions were conducted with health workers.

Results: The average coverage of universal child immunization (UCI) across villages was 24.18%, while complete basic immunization (CBI) reached 55.85%. In general, regencies with low UCI and CBI often had limited human resources, inadequate health facilities, and a high proportion of high-risk populations. This study identified hot spots and cold spots in the study area. Additionally, participants reported that mapping using the application was easier and beneficial for supporting the preparation of immunization micro-planning.

Conclusion: Spatial analysis can help address inequalities in immunization services and support resources during immunization. Qualitative approaches provided a deeper understanding of undocumented information. The use of mapping applications facilitated more effective microplanning in immunization programs.

Keywords: Child mortality, health risk, immunization, microplanning, vaccine.