SERVANT HEARTS: VILLAGE CADRES' PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION IN INDONESIA'S MENTAL HEALTH CARE
Background: Despite the growing interest in public service motivation (PSM) research, there is a lack of studies that specifically examine the PSM of individuals in nontraditional roles, such as village cadres, in the context of mental health care in low-resource settings.
Aims: This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by exploring how PSM influences the actions and choices of village cadres in providing care for people with mental illness in Indonesia.
Methods: An instrumental case study approach was employed to gather data through in-depth interviews with 14 village actors across five regencies in East Java Province, Indonesia.
Results: The study's findings reveal the crucial role of PSM in inspiring village cadres to provide mental health care by showcasing their sense of duty toward the community, program dedication, and compassion for patients, highlighting the correlation between PSM and callings that focuses on serving others.
Conclusion: This study provides empirical insights into the intricate ways PSM influences the behavior of village cadres toward people with mental illness in Indonesia, offering valuable knowledge about the motivations of this particular group of public service providers and informing policy decisions and future research in the field of public administration.
Keywords: callings, Indonesia, mental health care, public service motivation, village cadres
American Psychiatric Association, D. (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. American psychiatric association Washington, DC (5).
Anderson, E. et al. (2017) ‘American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Task Force on Medical Clearance of Adults Part I: Introduction, Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines', Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(2), pp. 235–242. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2016.10.32258.
Baklien, B. et al. (2022) ‘Pasung: A qualitative study of shackling family members with mental illness in Indonesia', Transcultural Psychiatry, p. 13634615221135254.
Bartol, C.R. and Bartol, A.M. (2022) Introduction to forensic psychology: research and application. Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Bigwood, S. and Crowe, M. (2008) ‘‘It's part of the job, but it spoils the job': A phenomenological study of physical restraint', International journal of mental health nursing, 17(3), pp. 215–222.
Castle, D.J. and Buckley, P.F. (2015) Schizophrenia. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Oxford psychiatry library).
Cook, J.A. et al. (2012) ‘Randomized controlled trial of peer-led recovery education using Building Recovery of Individual Dreams and Goals through Education and Support (BRIDGES)', Schizophrenia Research, 136(1–3), pp. 36–42.
Corrigan, P.W. et al. (2012) ‘Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies', Psychiatric services, 63(10), pp. 963–973.
Davidson, S. et al. (2018) ‘Psychological distress and unmet mental health needs among urban taxi drivers: A cross-sectional survey', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 52(5), pp. 473–482. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417741556.
Denhardt, J.V. and Denhardt, R.B. (2015) ‘The New Public Service Revisited', Public Administration Review, 75(5), pp. 664–672. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12347.
East Java Province Riskesdas Team (ed.) (2019) Laporan Provinsi Jawa Timur Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan, Republik Indonesia, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Fogarty, L.A. et al. (1999) ‘Can 40 seconds of compassion reduce patient anxiety?', Journal of clinical oncology, 17(1), pp. 371–379.
GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2022) ‘Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019', The Lancet Psychiatry, 9(2), pp. 137–150. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00395-3.
Huckshorn, K.A. (2014) ‘Reducing seclusion and restraint use in inpatient settings: a phenomenological study of state psychiatric hospital leader and staff experiences', Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 52(11), pp. 40–47.
Inwood, E. and Ferrari, M. (2018) ‘Mechanisms of change in the relationship between self-compassion, emotion regulation, and mental health: A systematic review', Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 10(2), pp. 215–235.
Jensen, U.T. and Bro, L.L. (2018) ‘How transformational leadership supports intrinsic motivation and public service motivation: The mediating role of basic need satisfaction', The American Review of Public Administration, 48(6), pp. 535–549.
Mertens, D.M. (2007) ‘Transformative paradigm: Mixed methods and social justice', Journal of mixed methods research, 1(3), pp. 212–225.
Mpembeni, R.N.M. et al. (2015) ‘Motivation and satisfaction among community health workers in Morogoro Region, Tanzania: nuanced needs and varied ambitions', Human Resources for Health, 13(1), p. 44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-015-0035-1.
National Riskesdas Team (ed.) (2019) Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan, Republik Indonesia, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Pálsdóttir, B. et al. (2016) ‘Training for impact: the socio-economic impact of a fit for purpose health workforce on communities', Human Resources for Health, 14, pp. 1–9.
Perry, J.L. and Wise, L.R. (1990) ‘The motivational bases of public service', Public administration review, pp. 367–373.
Potipiroon, W. and Ford, M.T. (2017) ‘Does public service motivation always lead to organizational commitment? Examining the moderating roles of intrinsic motivation and ethical leadership', Public Personnel Management, 46(3), pp. 211–238.
Power, P. et al. (2006) ‘Early intervention in first-episode psychosis and its relevance to rehabilitation psychiatry', Enabling recovery. The principles and practice of rehabilitation psychiatry. London: Gaskell, pp. 127–145.
Rampling, J. et al. (2016) ‘Non-pharmacological interventions for reducing aggression and violence in serious mental illness: A systematic review and narrative synthesis', European Psychiatry, 34, pp. 17–28.
Richmond, J.S. et al. (2012) ‘Verbal de-escalation of the agitated patient: consensus statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA De-escalation Workgroup', Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13(1), p. 17.
Ritz, A., Brewer, G.A. and Neumann, O. (2016) ‘Public service motivation: A systematic literature review and outlook', Public Administration Review, 76(3), pp. 414–426.
Spandler, H. and Stickley, T. (2011) ‘No hope without compassion: the importance of compassion in recovery-focused mental health services', Journal of Mental Health, 20(6), pp. 555–566.
Stake, R.E. (2008) ‘Qualitative case studies.', in Strategies of qualitative inquiry, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc, pp. 119–149.
Staniszewska, S. et al. (2019) ‘Experiences of in-patient mental health services: systematic review', The British Journal of Psychiatry, 214(06), pp. 329–338. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.22.
Thompson, J.A. and Christensen, R.K. (2018) ‘Bridging the public service motivation and calling literatures', Public Administration Review, 78(3), pp. 444–456.
Vandenabeele, W., Brewer, G.A. and Ritz, A. (2014) ‘Past, Present, and Future of Public Service Motivation Research', Public Administration, 92(4), pp. 779–789. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12136.
Vogel, M.D. (2022) ‘When service calls: Public service motivation and calling as complementary concepts for public service', International Public Management Journal, 25(4), pp. 620–638. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2020.1838014.
Widodo, A. et al. (2019) ‘Increasing the quality of life of post-shackling patients through multilevel Health promotion of shackling prevention', Bali Medical Journal, 8(2), pp. 678–688.
Windarwati, H.D. et al. (2021) ‘A Journey of Hidden Outburst of Anger Shackling a Person with Schizophrenia: The Indonesian Context.', Qualitative Report, 26(8).
Copyright (c) 2023 Erna Setijaningrum, Marni Binti Ghazali, Luqman Purwanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. As an author you (or your employer or institution) may do the following:
- make copies (print or electronic) of the article for your own personal use, including for your own classroom teaching use;
- make copies and distribute such copies (including through e-mail) of the article to research colleagues, for the personal use by such colleagues (but not commercially or systematically, e.g. via an e-mail list or list server);
- present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute copies of the article to the delegates attending such meeting;
- for your employer, if the article is a ‘work for hire', made within the scope of your employment, your employer may use all or part of the information in the article for other intra-company use (e.g. training);
- retain patent and trademark rights and rights to any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the article;
- include the article in full or in part in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially);
- use the article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of your works, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent to publication of the article in the journal); and prepare other derivative works, to extend the article into book-length form, or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the journal;
- may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the article, material extracted from the article, or derivative works for the author's personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice are indicated.
All copies, print or electronic, or other use of the paper or article must include the appropriate bibliographic citation for the article's publication in the journal.
2. Requests from third parties
Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the article in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
3. Author Online Use
- Personal Servers. Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of articles pre-print version of the article, or revised personal version of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from JAKI;
- Classroom or Internal Training Use. An author is expressly permitted to post any portion of the accepted version of his/her own articles on the author's personal web site or the servers of the author's institution or company in connection with the author's teaching, training, or work responsibilities, provided that the appropriate copyright, credit, and reuse notices appear prominently with the posted material. Examples of permitted uses are lecture materials, course packs, e-reserves, conference presentations, or in-house training courses;
