THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NOROVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA AT REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL DR.SOETOMO
Downloads
Background: Norovirus has become a major cause of severe outbreaks of gastroenteritis since the discovery of the rotavirus vaccine, with the main symptom being diarrhea. Until now, research on the epidemiological analysis of norovirus has not been carried out at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. Purpose: This study aims to provide clinical epidemiology data and an analysis of norovirus infections in children with diarrhea at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia, including the prevalence of norovirus infection in each age group and sex, its clinical appearance, and its seasonal variation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 1–60 months hospitalized for diarrhea in RSUD Dr. Soetomo between April 2013 and March 2014. Identification of the virus in the stool was done by norovirus enzyme immunoassay Quick NaviTM Noro2. The proportion, age, sex, clinical symptoms, and patterns of the norovirus seasonal data were calculated. Results: Norovirus was detected in 64 samples (19%) of the 340 stool samples, with a mean patient age of 11.75 months; it was mostly found in patients less than 24 months of age (95%), and 64% were male. The monthly pattern of norovirus infection was mostly found in November, followed by May and April. The clinical symptoms were fever (72%), vomiting (66%), bloating (59%), abdominal cramps (34%), perianal inflammation (27%), abdominal distension (16%), and seizures (8%). Conclusion: The prevalence of norovirus was found to be high in patients with diarrhea aged 1–60 months hospitalized in RSUD Dr. Soetomo, with a proportion of 19%. Further research is needed to determine the severity of norovirus infection.
Attia, S., Versloot, C. J., Voskuijl, W., Van Vliet, S. J., Di Giovanni, V., Zhang, L., … Bandsma, R. H. J. (2016). Mortality in children with complicated severe acute malnutrition is related to intestinal and systemic inflammation: an observational cohort study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(5), 1441–1449. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.130518
Bányai, K., Estes, M. K., Martella, V., & Parashar, U. D. (2018). Viral gastroenteritis. The Lancet, 392(10142), 175–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31128-0
Bhatnagar, S., Kumar, R., Dua, R., Basu, S., & Kumar, P. (2019). Outcome of children with severe acute malnutrition and diarrhea: a cohort study. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, 22(3), 242–248. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2019.22.3.242
Cardemil, C. V, Parashar, U. D., & Hall, A. J. (2017). Norovirus infection in older adults: epidemiology, risk factors, and opportunities for prevention and control. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 31(4), 839–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.012
Chung, N., Wang, S. M., Shen, C. F., Kuo, F. C., Ho, T. S., Hsiung, C. A., … Liu, C. C. (2017). Clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized young children with acute gastroenteritis in southern Taiwan: according to major pathogens. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 50(6), 915–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2017.07.015
Da Costa, S. T. P., Fumian, T. M., De Lima, I. C. G., Siqueira, J. A. M., Da Silva, L. D., Hernández, J. das M., … Gabbay, Y. B. (2017). High prevalence of norovirus in children with sporadic acute gastroenteritis in Manaus, Amazon Region, Northern Brazil. Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 112(6), 391–395. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160357
de Graaf, M., van Beek, J., Vennema, H., Podkolzin, A. T., Hewitt, J., Bucardo, F., … Koopmans, M. P. (2018). Emergence of a novel Gll.17 norovirus- end of the Gii.4 era? Euro Surveill, 20(26), 1–12.
Fernández, K. P., Ulloa, J. C., Meneses, M., Matiz, L. F., & Gutiérrez, M. F. (2015). Norovirus, the principal cause of viral diarrhea in two regions of Colombia. Universitas Scientiarum, 20(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.SC20-1.npcv
Green, K. Y. (2014). Norovirus infection in immunocompromised hosts. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(8), 717–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12761
Guarino, A., Ashkenazi, S., Gendrel, D., Lo Vecchio, A., Shamir, R., & Szajewska, H. (2014). European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition/European society for pediatric infectious diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe: update 2014. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 59(1), 132–152. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000375
Iskandar, W. J., Sukardi, W., & Soenarto, Y. (2015). Risk of nutritional status on diarrhea among under five children. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 55(4), 236–238. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi
Kim, G. H., Byeon, J. H., Lee, D. Y., Jeong, H. J., & Eun, B. L. (2016). Norovirus in benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 42(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-016-0303-2
Kirby, A. E., Streby, A., & Moe, C. L. (2016). Vomiting as a symptom and transmission risk in norovirus illness: evidence from human challenge studies. PLoS ONE, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143759
Mathew, S., Alansari, K., Smatti, M. K., Zaraket, H., Al Thani, A. A., & Yassine, H. M. (2019). Epidemiological, molecular, and clinical features of norovirus infections among pediatric patients in Qatar. Viruses, 11(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11050400
Mohamed, N. S., Hameed, M. F., & Al-Rubai, H. K. (2016). Detection of norovirus and rotavirus in children under five years during winter 2012-2013 in Mosul Province. Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science, 19(3), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.22401/jnus.19.3.13
Nakajima, H., Maeda, T., Watanabe, T., Miyazaki, T., Zai, H., & Urita, Y. (2014). Sa1472 viral diarrhea induces ischemic colitis: alternative route from acute gastroenteritis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 79(S5), AB226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.05.091
Ranuh, R. G., Athiyyah, A. F., Deanty Ayu, P. A., Darma, A., Rahardjo, D., Shirakawa, T., & Sudarmo, S. M. (2019). Assessment of the rapid immunochromatographic test as a diagnostic tool for norovirus related diarrhea in children. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 55(1), 48–53. https://doi.org/10.20473/FMI.V55I1.12557
Robilotti, E., Deresinski, S., & Pinsky, B. A. (2015). Norovirus. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28(1), 134–164. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00075-14
Sözen, H., Gönen, I., & Beydilli, H. (2014). An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis in a county in Turkey. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 4(1), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2014.01.0119
Weinberg, G. A. (2019). Outbreak peidemiology: one of many new frontiers of norovirus biology. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 219(5), 1349–1352. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy570
- Every manuscript submitted to must observe the policy and terms set by the Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi
- Publication rights to manuscript content published by the Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi is owned by the journal with the consent and approval of the author(s) concerned. (download copyright agreement)
- Complete texts of electronically published manuscripts can be accessed free of charge if used for educational and research purposes according to copyright regulations.
JBE by Universitas Airlangga is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
