STRESS AND INADEQUATE FRUIT-VEGETABLE INTAKE AS MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES IN YOGYAKARTA

Stres dan Konsumsi Buah-Sayur Kurang sebagai Faktor Risiko Modifiable Diabetes Tipe 2 di Yogyakarta

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major global public health concern, with its prevalence steadily increasing, including in Indonesia. While numerous studies have investigated modifiable risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity within primary healthcare settings, research on the influence of stress and dietary habits, particularly fruit and vegetable consumption remain limited. Purpose: This study investigated the association between stress, fruit and vegetable consumption, and other modifiable factors with T2DM occurrence among individuals under the supervision of Kalasan Public Health Center, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 356 registered outpatients selected through purposive sampling. Stress levels were measured using the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire, while fruit and vegetable consumption were assessed using the Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018 questionnaire. T2DM status was determined based on fasting blood sugar levels recorded in medical records and confirmed by a physician’s diagnosis. Results: Stress was linked to a higher probability of T2DM (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.25–5.44). Consuming fruit and green leafy vegetables 2–3 times per week was associated with a lower likelihood of having T2DM (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.13–0.56 and AOR = 0.07; 95% CI = 0.03–0.20, respectively). Conclusion: Stress increased the probability of T2DM. Fruit and green leafy vegetable consumption 2-3 times per week was associated with a reduced likelihood of T2DM. These findings emphasize the need for targeted public health interventions promoting stress management and healthy dietary patterns strategies to mitigate T2DM risk in primary healthcare settings.