Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Kemampuan Memilah Informasi Hoaks dengan Status Vaksinasi COVID-19 di Kalangan Masyarakat Kota Surabaya
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COVID-19 telah menjadi pandemi global sejak tahun 2020 dan menyebabkan angka kematian yang signifikan di Indonesia. Program vaksinasi adalah salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk memutus penyebaran virus. Namun, peredaran misinformasi mengenai vaksin di masyarakat menjadi hambatan kesuksesan program vaksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, kemampuan memilah informasi hoax dan status vaksinasi COVID-19 masyarakat Kota Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam survei ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil secara accidental sampling yaitu masyarakat Surabaya yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang terdiri dari 3 jenis pertanyaan berupa pengetahuan, kemampuan memilah informasi mitos atau fakta, sikap, dan status vaksinasi. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Sebanyak 297 responden berpartisipasi dalam survei. Mayoritas responden adalah laki-laki dengan rentang usia 17-25 tahun dan berstatus pelajar/mahasiswa. Lebih dari 80% responden menjawab benar pada aspek pengetahuan tentang vaksinasi COVID-19, termasuk kemampuan mengenali mitos dan fakta tentang vaksin COVID-19. Responden juga menyadari bahwa pemberitaan yang salah (hoaks) berpotensi menurunkan angka partisipasi vaksinasi. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kemampuan memilah informasi hoaks, tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan antara status vaksinasi (p>0,005) dan terdapat hubungan berkebalikan antara kemampuan memilah informasi hoaks dengan status vaksinasi (p<0,005; r=-0,182). Meskipun demikian, sejumlah responden menyatakan kesulitan untuk mengakses informasi yang benar dan dapat dipercaya untuk menjawab hoaks. Hal ini menunjukkan perlunya upaya dalam menyediakan akses informasi yang lebih baik kepada masyarakat.
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