Desain Kewilayahan dan Posisi Middle Power dalam Strategi Hedging Kazakhstan terhadap Rusia dan Tiongkok
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Kazakhstan dihadapkan pada kontestasi Rusia dan Tiongkok yang
berkompetisi untuk memperoleh pengaruh dan meningkatkan keterlibatan
mereka di wilayah Asia Tengah sejak tahun 1990-an. Dalam menghadapi
situasi tersebut, Kazakhstan menjalankan kebijakan luar negeri hedging
yang termasuk dalam tajuk ‘multi-vector policy'. Hal ini memiliki keunikan
karena Kazakhstan secara geografis merupakan negara landlocked dan
memiliki hubungan historis yang dekat dengan Rusia. Pertanyaan yang diajukan
dalam tulisan ini adalah mengapa Kazakhstan melakukan kebijakan
luar negeri hedging dalam melakukan hubungan dengan Rusia dan Tiongkok
di Asia Tengah? Tulisan ini lantas menggunakan perspektif geopolitik
kewilayahan dan posisi middle power negara untuk mencari jawaban atas
pertanyaan tersebut. Hasil analisis penulis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan
hedging yang dilakukan oleh Kazakhstan dengan Rusia dan Tiongkok dipengaruhi
oleh adanya perubahan desain kewilayahan Kazakhstan yang
akhirnya memengaruhi perspektif elit sehingga memilih menjalankan kebijakan
mencirikan middle power, yaitu hedging.
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