Designing an Open Innovation Framework for Digital Transformation Based on Systematic Literature Review
Downloads
Background: Innovation is a critical success factor of digital transformation (DX). Previous research has shown that open innovation (OI) can help companies accelerate DX and improve their business performance.
Objective: This study develops a conceptual OI framework to support DX (OIDX) and provides an overview of the dimensions. OI in this study refers to Open Innovation 2.0.
Methods: We review previous research on OI dimensions, identify the activities, and map them along with the challenges that lead to failure. With this, we develop a framework to meet the needs and solve problems of OI implementation.
Results: The OIDX framework has a comprehensive dimensional scope consisting of three perspectives, eight dimensions, and 26 sub-dimensions. The perspectives are enablers, activities, and output, and the dimensions are OI governance, external environment, internal climate, digital technology, importing mechanisms, collaboration, protection mechanisms, and export mechanisms.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of defining dimensions to establish General System Theory. The practical application of this framework is to build an OI ecosystem that can increase the internal and external values of an organisation. The OI framework provides OI success parameters and criteria for building the OI maturity framework in future research.
Keywords: DX, Innovation, Open Innovation, Open Innovation Framework
F. Nwaiwu, "Review and Comparison of Conceptual Frameworks on Digital Business Transformation,” Journal of Competitiveness, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 86–100, 2018, doi: 10.7441/joc.2018.03.06.
P. C. Verhoef et al., "DX : A multidisciplinary re fl ection and research agenda ☆,” vol. 122, no. September 2019, pp. 889–901, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022.
Y. Tueanrat, S. Papagiannidis, and E. Alamanos, "Going on a journey: A review of the customer journey literature,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 125, no. February 2020, pp. 336–353, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.028.
R. Teichert, "DX maturity: A systematic review of literature,” Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1673–1687, 2019, doi: 10.11118/actaun201967061673.
H. Chesbrough, "122 Book reviews,” Business, vol. 34, no. Chapter 3, pp. 122–123, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2004.08.005.
H. Chesbrough, "To recover faster from Covid-19, open up: Managerial implications from an open innovation perspective,” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 88, no. April, pp. 410–413, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.04.010.
M. Bogers et al., "The open innovation research landscape: established perspectives and emerging themes across different levels of analysis,” Industry and Innovation, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 8–40, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1080/13662716.2016.1240068.
J. West, A. Salter, W. Vanhaverbeke, and H. Chesbrough, "Open innovation: The next decade,” Research Policy, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 805–811, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.001.
F. Barbic, A. Jolink, E. Niesten, and A. Hidalgo, "Opening and closing open innovation projects: A contractual perspective,” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 94, no. March, pp. 174–186, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.02.014.
M. Curley, "The evolution of open innovation,” Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 9–16, 2015, doi: 10.24840/2183-0606_003.002_0003.
O. Samir. "Philosophy of science: A very short introduction.” Vol. 67. Oxford Paperbacks, 2002.
M. Markkula, Open innovation 2.0 the new mode of digital innovation for prosperity and sustainability. 2018.
C. A. Williams, D. Schallmo, and K. Lang, "Digital Maturity Models for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises : A Systematic Literature Review Digital Maturity Models for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises : A Systematic Literature Review Christopher Williams * Daniel Schallmo Klaus Lang Luke Boardman,” International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) Innovation Conference, no. June, 2019.
I. Shaikh and K. Randhawa, "Managing the risks and motivations of technology managers in open innovation: Bringing stakeholder-centric corporate governance into focus,” Technovation, vol. 114, no. July 2020, p. 102437, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102437.
L. von Bertalanffy, "the Meaning of General System Theory,” General System Theory, pp. 30–53, 1968.
E. Mastrocinque, E. Lamberti, F. J. Ramirez, and D. Petrovic, "Measuring open innovation under uncertainty: A fuzzy logic approach,” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M, vol. 63, no. October 2020, p. 101673, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2022.101673.
I. Shaikh and K. Randhawa, "Managing the risks and motivations of technology managers in open innovation: Bringing stakeholder-centric corporate governance into focus,” Technovation, vol. 114, no. July 2020, p. 102437, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102437.
J. R. Saura, D. Palacios-Marqués, and D. Ribeiro-Soriano, "Exploring the boundaries of open innovation: Evidence from social media mining,” Technovation, no. January, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102447.
K. Laursen and A. Salter, "Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms,” Strategic Management Journal, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 131–150, Feb. 2006, doi: 10.1002/SMJ.507.
M. Grimaldi, M. Greco, and L. Cricelli, "A framework of intellectual property protection strategies and open innovation,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 123, no. September 2020, pp. 156–164, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.043.
J. J. Yun, Z. Liu, E. Jeong, S. Kim, and K. Kim, "The Difference in Open Innovation between Open Access and Closed Access , According to the Change of Collective Intelligence and Knowledge Amount,” 2022.
B. S. Anderson, J. G. Covin, and D. P. Slevin, "Understanding the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and strategic learning capability: an empirical investigation,” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 218–240, 2009, doi: 10.1002/sej.72.
S. Ili, A. Albers, and S. Miller, "Open innovation in the automotive industry,” R&D Management, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 246–255, Jun. 2010, doi: 10.1111/J.1467-9310.2010.00595.X.
C. Burchardt and B. Maisch, "Digitalization needs a cultural change – examples of applying Agility and Open Innovation to drive the DX,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 84, pp. 112–117, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2019.05.009.
P. Soto-Acosta, S. Popa, and D. Palacios-Marqués, "E-business, organizational innovation and firm performance in manufacturing SMEs: an empirical study in Spain,” Technological and Economic Development of Economy, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 885–904, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.3846/20294913.2015.1074126.
B. S. Tether and A. Tajar, "Beyond industry-university links: Sourcing knowledge for innovation from consultants, private research organisations and the public science-base,” Research Policy, vol. 37, no. 6–7, pp. 1079–1095, 2008, doi: 10.1016/J.RESPOL.2008.04.003.
T. L. Tranekjer and M. P. Knudsen, "The (Unknown) Providers to Other Firms' New Product Development: What's in It for Them?,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 986–999, Nov. 2012, doi: 10.1111/J.1540-5885.2012.00974.X.
S. Chen and H. Zhang, "Does digital finance promote manufacturing servitization: Micro evidence from China,” International Review of Economics and Finance, vol. 76, no. August, pp. 856–869, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.iref.2021.07.018.
B. Remneland-Wikhamn, "Path dependence as a barrier for ‘soft' and ‘open' innovation,” International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 714–730, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1504/IJBIR.2011.043207.
B. R. Wikhamn, "Challenges of implementing innovation contests to facilitate radical innovation,” International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 129–145, 2013, doi: 10.1504/IJNVO.2013.059681.
V. Nestle, F. A. Täube, S. Heidenreich, and M. Bogers, "Establishing open innovation culture in cluster initiatives: The role of trust and information asymmetry,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 146, pp. 563–572, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2018.06.022.
H. van der Meer, "Open Innovation – The Dutch Treat: Challenges in Thinking in Business Models,” Creativity and Innovation Management, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 192–202, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1111/J.1467-8691.2007.00433.X.
C. Cheng and L. Wang, "How companies configure digital innovation attributes for business model innovation? A configurational view,” Technovation, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102398.
M. M. Mariani and S. Nambisan, "Innovation Analytics and Digital Innovation Experimentation: The Rise of Research-driven Online Review Platforms,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 172, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121009.
F. Capone and N. Innocenti, "Open innovation and network dynamics. An analysis of openness of co-patenting collaborations in Florence, Italy,” Competitiveness Review, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 379–396, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1108/CR-10-2019-0101/FULL/PDF.
S. Kobarg, J. Stumpf-Wollersheim, and I. M. Welpe, "More is not always better: Effects of collaboration breadth and depth on radical and incremental innovation performance at the project level,” Research Policy, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.RESPOL.2018.07.014.
N. Innocenti, F. Capone, and L. Lazzeretti, "Knowledge networks and industrial structure for regional innovation: An analysis of patents collaborations in Italy,” Papers in Regional Science, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 55–72, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1111/PIRS.12478.
H. Shin and R. R. Perdue, "Developing creative service ideas through hotel customer engagement for open innovation: Focused on empowerment and motivation processes,” International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 100, no. November 2021, p. 103077, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103077.
X. Yan and M. Huang, "Leveraging university research within the context of open innovation: The case of Huawei,” Telecommunications Policy, vol. 46, no. 2, p. 101956, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101956.
L. Santamaría, M. J. Nieto, and A. Barge-Gil, "The Relevance of Different Open Innovation Strategies for R&D Performers,” Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, vol. 13, no. 45, pp. 93–114, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.1016/S1138-5758(10)70025-6.
N. Niewöhner, N. Lang, L. Asmar, D. Röltgen, A. Kühn, and R. Dumitrescu, "Towards an ambidextrous innovation management maturity model,” in Procedia CIRP, 2021, vol. 100, pp. 289–294. doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2021.05.068.
J. A. A. Scaliza et al., "Relationships among organizational culture, open innovation, innovative ecosystems, and performance of firms: Evidence from an emerging economy context,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 140, no. December 2020, pp. 264–279, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.065.
L. Berchicci, "Towards an open R&D system: Internal R&D investment, external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance,” Research Policy, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 117–127, Feb. 2013, doi: 10.1016/J.RESPOL.2012.04.017.
J. C. F. de Melo, M. S. Salerno, J. S. Freitas, R. B. Bagno, and V. C. Brasil, "From open innovation projects to open innovation project management capabilities: A process-based approach,” International Journal of Project Management, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 278–290, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2020.06.006.
P. Bayat, M. Daraei, and A. Rahimikia, "Designing of an open innovation model in science and technology parks,” Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol. 11, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s13731-022-00203-w.
O. Granstrand and M. Holgersson, "Innovation ecosystems: A conceptual review and a new definition,” Technovation, vol. 90–91, p. 102098, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.TECHNOVATION.2019.102098.
A. Spithoven, W. Vanhaverbeke, and N. Roijakkers, "Open innovation practices in SMEs and large enterprises,” Small Business Economics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 537–562, Oct. 2013, doi: 10.1007/S11187-012-9453-9/TABLES/6.
M. Masucci, S. Brusoni, and C. Cennamo, "Removing bottlenecks in business ecosystems: The strategic role of outbound open innovation,” Research Policy, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 103823, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.RESPOL.2019.103823.
C. J. Chen, J. W. Huang, and Y. C. Hsiao, "Knowledge management and innovativeness: The role of organizational climate and structure,” International Journal of Manpower, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 848–870, Nov. 2010, doi: 10.1108/01437721011088548/FULL/XML.
E. J. Nijssen, B. Hillebrand, J. P. J. de Jong, and R. G. M. Kemp, "Strategic Value Assessment and Explorative Learning Opportunities with Customers,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 29, pp. 91–102, Dec. 2012, doi: 10.1111/J.1540-5885.2012.00960.X.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Universitas Airlangga.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
All accepted papers will be published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. CC-BY Licenced means lets others to Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially).