The Affirmation – Tapping on Pain Perception and Serotonin Serum Level of Post – Caesarian Section patients
Downloads
Introduction: Affirmation - tapping interventions have been shown to reduce pain complaints in post-operative patients completing conventional treatment. This is thought to be due to serotonin performance but clinical studies have not been conducted. The aim was to compare the mean perception of the pain reported by post-operative patients given affirmation- tapping treatment with another treatment as a complementary nursing intervention. This was to see if the performance of the serotonin serum level is different from in other treatments.
Methods: We used a randomized post-test only control group design carried out in parallel in post-caesarean section patients. The sample totaled 40 patients divided into four groups (10 in affirmation, 10 in tapping, 10 in affirmation-tapping and 10 in the control). They were obtained through simple random sampling. The instruments included affirmation-tapping guidelines, Elisa kits and the McGill - Melzack Pain Questionnaire short-form (MPQsf). The independent variable was the intervention of affirmation-tapping and the dependent variables were pain perception and serotonin level. The data was analyzed using simple linear regression.
Results: The average variant of the serotonin levels in the affirmation-tapping treatment group was higher and thus differed significantly from the other groups.
Conclusion: Affirmation-tapping as a complementary nursing intervention can increase the serotonin serum levels of the post-caesarean section patients by complementing conventional treatments. Participant pain complaints were lowest in the affirmation-tapping group with the highest serotonin levels present and these were significantly different to the other groups. Affirmation – tapping was recommended as a complementary intervention in nursing post-operative patients that complements conventional treatment.
postoperative pain. Pain Practice, 14(5), 477–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12108.
Beiranvand, S., Noaparast, M., Eslamizade, N., & Saeedikia, S. (2014). The effects of religion and spirituality on postoperative pain, Hemodynamic functioning and anxiety after cesarean section. Acta Medica Iranica, 52(12), 909–915.
Benor, D., Rossiter-Thornton, J., & Toussaint, L. (2017). A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Wholistic Hybrid Derived from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Emotional Freedom Technique (WHEE) for Self-Treatment of Pain, Depression, and Anxiety in Chronic Pain Patients. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 22(2), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587216659400
Bordoni, B., Marelli, F., Morabito, B., Sacconi, B., & Severino, P. (2017). Post-sternotomy pain syndrome following cardiac surgery: Case report. Journal of Pain Research, 10, 1163–1169. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S129394
Bourbia, N. (2015). Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Descending Control of Pain- Related Behavior. Painosalama Oy – Turku, Finland 2015.
Bushnell, M. C., Ceko, M., & Low, L. a. (2013). Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 14(7), 502–511. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3516
Chou, R., Gordon, D. B., Leon-casasola, O. a De, Rosenberg, J. M., Bickler, S., Brennan, T., ... Wu, C. L. (2016). Guidelines on the Management of Postoperative Pain. The Journal of Pain, 17(2), 131–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008
Church, D. (2014). Reductions in pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms after PTSD remediation in veterans. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 10, 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2014.02.005
Elabscience. (2019). Manual Serotonin ELisa Kits,4th Edition, revised in May, 2019 (Vol. 2019).
Fajarudin, F. (2006). SEFT The Fastest and Easiest Way to Overcome Various Physical and Emotional Problems. Jakarta: PT Arga Publishing.
Gibbs, K., Beaufort, A., Stein, A., Leung, T. M., Sison, C., & Bloom, O. (2019). Assessment of pain symptoms and quality of life using the International Spinal Cord Injury Data Sets in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 5, 32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-019-0178-8
H.M. Amin Syukur; Fathimah Usma. (2012). Dzikrullaah therapy. In A. prasetya Hijrah saputra (Ed.), Terapi Hati (pp. 59–68). Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Hargiyanto. (2008). Differences in the effects of analgesia on electroacupuncture with low, combination and high frequency in low back pain. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Katz, J., & Melzack, R. (2011). The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Development, psychometric properties, and usefulness of the long-form, short-form, and short-form-2. Handbook of pain assessment.
Kawai, K., Kawai, A. T., Wollan, P., & Yawn, B. P. (2017). Adverse impacts of chronic pain on health-related quality of life, work productivity, depression and anxiety in a community-based study. Family Practice, 34(6), 656–661. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmx034
Komann, M., Weinmann, C., Schwenkglenks, M., & Meissner, W. (2019). Non-pharmacological methods and post-operative pain relief: An observational study. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 9(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5812/aapm.84674
Lenni Sastra, Jasmarizal, G. M. S. (2016). The effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) therapy on decreasing dysmenorrhoea pain in adolescents, 1, 34–39.
Liu, X. L., Tan, J. Y., Molassiotis, A., Suen, L. K. P., & Shi, Y. (2015). Acupuncture-Point Stimulation for Postoperative Pain Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/657809
Martin, S. L., Power, A., Boyle, Y., Anderson, I. M., Silverdale, M. A., & Jones, A. K. P. (2017). 5-HT modulation of pain perception in humans. Psychopharmacology, 234(19), 2929–2939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4686-6
Ménard, C., Pfau, M. L., Hodes, G. E., & Russo, S. J. (2017). Immune and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Stress Vulnerability and Resilience. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(1), 62–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.90
Moon, S. Y., Shin, K. M., Shin, J. Y., Kwon, O. J., & Lee, J. H. (2017). Integrative Medicine for Postoperative Patients: A Survey of Korean Medicine Doctors. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4650343
Mudatsyir, M., K, H. P., & Sundari, T. (2012). Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique dan nyeri pasien pasca operasi femur. Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 1(1), 44–49.
Neugebauer, V. (2015). Amygdala pain mechanisms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 227. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_13
Sakpal, T. (2010). Sample size estimation in clinical trial". Perspectives in Clinical Research, 2010", 1(2), 67–69
Silva, T. C., Silva, B., & Tatagiba, F. (2017). Postoperative pain in women undergoing caesarean section Dor pós-operatória em mulheres submetidas í cesariana. Enfermeria Global, Oktober(48), 374–383. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.4.267721
Simundic, A.-M., Bolenius, K., Cadamuro, J., Church, S., Cornes, M. P., van Dongen-Lases, E. C., ... Ibarz, M. (2017). EFLM Recommendation for venous blood sampling. European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, (October), 1–50.
Taber, J., Klein, W., Ferrer, R., Kent, E., & Harris, P. (2016). Optimism and spontaneous self-affirmation are associated with lower likelihood of cognitive impairment and greater positive affect among cancer survivors. Ann Behav Med., 50(2), 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9745-9.
Thakur, M. (2015). Neurobiology of Pain - Neuroscience.
Thompson, J. M., & Neugebauer, V. (2017). Amygdala Plasticity and Pain. Pain Research and Management, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8296501
Ward, S., Guest, C., Goodall, I., & Bantel, C. (2018). Practice and bias in intraoperative pain management: Results of a cross-sectional patient study and a survey of anesthesiologists. Journal of Pain Research, 11, 561–570. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S153857
WHO, OECD, T. W. B. (2018). Delivering quality health services.
Wijiyanti, F. (2010, June 14). Effectiveness of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) Therapy on Decreasing Pain Intensity in Sectio Caesaria Postoperative Patients.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Ners agree to the following terms:
- Authors transfer the Copyright and grant Jurnal Ners the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to remix, adapt and build upon the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and of the initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
Jurnal Ners requires a formal written declaration and transfer of copyright from the author(s) for each article published. We, therefore, ask you to complete and return this form, retaining a copy for your own records. Your cooperation is essential and appreciated. Any delay will result in a delay in publication. The form can be downloaded HERE.