PROBLEMATISASI KELOMPOK SUBALTERN DAN AMERICAN DREAM DALAM NOVEL THE BUDDHA IN THE ATTIC KARYA JULIE OTSUKA
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Novel The Buddha in the Attic karya Julie Otsuka merupakan novel yang memuat fenomena migrasi para perempuan Jepang sebagai picture brides di Amerika Serikat. Berawal dari sebuah foto yang menyimbolkan kesuksesan American Dream, para perempuan ini mengadu nasib di daratan yang selama ini dikenal dengan gaung kesuksesan yang ditawarkan oleh American Dream. Akan tetapi, para picture brides, termasuk para imigran Jepang di Amerika, mengalami diskriminasi rasial. Dari kondisi ini, muncul sebuah permasalahan lain yang dialami oleh picture brides, termasuk didalamnya para imigran Jepang, yang mengalami kesusahan dalam mendapatkan kesempatan memperoleh kesuksesan di Amerika. Isu ini kemudian mengarah ke permasalahan yang lebih mendalam, yaitu mengenai problematika American Dream dari sudut pandang picture brides dengan American Dream dari sudut pandang warga Amerika itu sendiri. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, studi ini menerapkan teori subaltern milik Gayatri Spivak sebagai kerangka pemikiran teoretis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, nampak bahwa ada fenomena propaganda American Dream yang mereduksi nilai-nilai American Dream. American Dream yang menekankan life, liberty dan the pursuit of happiness layaknya tercantum dalam The Declaration of Independence pada kenyataannya digunakan sebagai agenda politik oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat untuk menjaga homogenitas budaya masyarakat Amerika.
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