EFFECT OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON AFB SPUTUM CONVERSION RATE, SOD, AND BMI LEVELS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS
Downloads
Highlights
1. VCO can accelerate AFB sputum conversion in tuberculosis infection.
2. VCO can decrease SOD levels as a marker of inflammation.
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis has the potential to raise illness and death rates on a global scale significantly. A low sputum conversion rate for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and malnutrition are indicators of failure in pulmonary TB treatment. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains lauric acid and has antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of VCO supplementation on sputum AFB conversion rates, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and body mass index (BMI) status of pulmonary TB patients. Material and Methods: This study was an analytic experimental study measuring BMI levels and SOD levels at the Pekauman Community Health Center, Sultan Suriansyah Hospital, and Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, between July and September 2023. This study, 40 samples were separated into two groups: the treatment group, which received first-line antithyroid drugs (ATD) with VCO, and the control group, which received first-line ATD and a placebo. Results: Based on the proportion, there was an improvement in the acceleration of BTA sputum conversion, and from the mean BMI and the median value of both groups, there was a decrease in SOD levels after VCO administration. No statistically significant association was found between VCO administration and accelerating the AFB sputum conversion and BMI at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no relationship considered between VCO administration and reducing SOD levels before and after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion: VCO administration had no relationship with the level of AFB sputum conversion, reduction in SOD levels, and BMI status in pulmonary TB patients.
Aliyah, N., Pranggono, E. H., Andriyoko, B. 2016. Description of sputum conversion of Acid-Fast Bacteria (BTA) and Vitamin D in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Indonesian Journal Chest & Critical Emergency Medicine, 3(1): 1–4. Available at: https://www.indonesiajournalchest.com/index.php/IJC/issue/view/68.
Anandaraj, R., Anurupa, M. S., Kavithai, P., et al. 2017. Factors influencing delay in sputum smear conversion among new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients of davangere tuberculosis unit. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 6(11): 1565–1571. doi: 10.5455/ijmsph.2017.0824913092017.
Bakhtiar, M. I., Wiedyaningsih, C., Yasin, N. M., et al. 2021. Relationship between characteristics, compliance and clinical outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Bantul District Health Center. 2021. Majalah Farmaseutik, 17(2). doi: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v17i2.60681.
Bhatt, K., Pulickal, A. V., Agolli, A., et al. 2021. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties of virgin coconut oil (VCO). Journal of Nutritional Biology, 7(1). doi: 10.18314/jnb.v7i1.2090.
Cardoso, D. A., Moreira, A. S. B., de Oliveira, G. M. M., et al. 2015. A coconut extra virgin oil-rich diet increases HDL cholesterol and decreases waist circumference and body mass in coronary artery disease patients. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 32(5),: 2144–2152. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9642.
Cendhikalistya, G. O., Makiyah, S. N. N. 2009. The influence of VCO (virgin coconut oil) to body weight in rat (Rattus norvegicus). Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 9(1): 33–41. doi: 10.18196/mmjkk.v9i1.1589.
Chattopadhyay, D. K. 2019. Superoxide dismutase: A biomarker for early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 13(7). doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2019/35298.12968.
Dahlan, M. S. 2011. Statistics for medicine and health. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Available at: https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=Abh5OaO3qlMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&ots=SXRFIe22BW&sig=--AwuSGRVQ2T1a8D8JaGTlgmAkY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Dewi, B. D. N. 2019. Diabetes mellitus & tuberculosis infection: Diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. Yogyakarta: ANDI. Available at: http://repository.wima.ac.id/id/eprint/27079/1/1-br-Diabetes_melitus_.pdf.
Djannah, F., Massi, M. N., Hatta, M., et al. 2022. Virgin coconut oil and tuberculosis: A mini-review. Pharmacognosy Journal, 14(2): 464-469. doi: 10.5530/pj.2022.14.59.
Fadillah, M. I., Nurrasyidah, I., Fajari, N. M. 2021. Literatur review: The influence of diabetes mellitus with AFB sputum conversion after intensive phase in lung tuberculosis patient. Journal Of Homeostasis, 4(1): 81-92. doi: 10.20527/ht.v4i1.3349
Firdaus, A., Ruhman, F., Nasution, R. 2023. TB case detection in 2022 highest on record: Ministry, Antara: Indonesian News Agency. Available at: https://en.antaranews.com/news/277353/tb-case-detection-in-2022-highest-on-record-ministry.
IBM Corp. 2019. IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/downloading-ibm-spss-statistics-26.
Ighodaro, O. M., Akinloye, O. A. 2018. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 54(4): 287–293. doi: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001.
Iswati, R. S., Nuraini, I. 2023. Effectiveness of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on changes in weight and height among under-five children with stunting. Embrio: Jurnal Kebidanan, 15(1): 112–118. doi: 10.36456/embrio.v15i1.7003.
Lawn, S. D., Zumla, A. I. 2011. Tuberculosis. The Lancet, 378(9785): 57–72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3.
Llibre, A., Dedicoat, M., Burel, J. G., et al. 2021. Host immune-metabolic adaptations upon mycobacterial infections and associated co-morbidities. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747387.
Mahendrani, C. R. M., Subkhan, M., Nurida, A., et al. 2020. Analysis of factors that influence the conversion of sputum to acid-fast bacilli in tuberculosis sufferers. Al-Iqra Medical Journal : Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran, 1(2): 1–9. doi: 10.26618/aimj.v3i1.4037.
Maqfirah, M., Dangnga, M. S., Hengky, H. K. 2020. The effect of smoking on the incidence of sputum conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Parepare City. Jurnal Ilmiah Manusia dan Kesehatan, 3(2): 206–217. doi: 10.31850/makes.v3i2.301.
Mela, E., Bintang, D. S. 2021. Virgin coconut oil (VCO): Production, advantages, and potential utilization in various food products. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 40(2):. 103–110. doi: 10.21082/jp3.v40n2.2021.p103-110.
Novita, E., Suryani, L., Siringoringo, H. E. 2023. Analysis od the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Jurnal Kesehatan Saelmakers Perdana, 6(1):1-17. doi: 10.32524/jksp.v6i1.827
Sari, D. K., Mega, J. Y., Harahap, J. 2019. Nutrition status related to clinical improvement in AFB-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Primary Health Centres in Medan, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(10): 1621–1627. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.338.
Shastri, M. D., Shukla, S. D., Chong, W. C., et al. 2018. Role of oxidative stress in the pathology and management of human tuberculosis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018: 1–10. doi: 10.1155/2018/7695364.
Sukarli., Mahdani. 2023. South Kalimantan records 7,556 TB cases, strives to reduce, Antara Kalsel. Available at: https://kalsel.antaranews.com/berita/367716/south-kalimantan-records-7556-tb-cases-strives-to-reduce.
Sulistyo, Utami ASF, Wicaksono AB, Salsabila A, Karlinda AY, Lestari AA, et al 2022. 2021 Tuberculosis Control Program Report. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2022. ISBN 978-623-301-375-8. Available at: https://tbindonesia.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Laporan-Tahunan-Program-TBC-2021_Final-20230207.pdf.
Velayati, A. A., Farnia, P. 2016. Atlas of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Elsevier. Available at: https://shop.elsevier.com/books/atlas-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis/velayati/978-0-12-803808-6.
World Health Organization. 2022. Global tuberculosis report 2022, WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2022/tb-disease-burden/2-1-tb-incidence#:~:text=The estimated 10.6 million people,2.1.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ajib Nuzula, Mohamad Isa, Juhairina, Haryati, Isa Ansori, Erna Kusumawardhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY).
