Penerapan Konsep Trust of Land Dalam Sistem Hukum Agraria: Suatu Perbandingan Hukum Antara Indonesia dan Britania Raya
Downloads
Abstract
When we are talking about the use of land in Indonesia, as an agricultural country, Indonesia has many talented individuals who are more than capable of managing and cultivating the land. Unfortunately, most of these gifted people do not own the land themselves. Indeed, it is not because they do not want to, but because most land already has its owner. On the other hand, there are numerous unused and neglected lands in Indonesia on which the owner cannot manage and cultivate the land themselves. Such an unfortunate situation causes the purpose of the land to achieve prosperity and welfare for the common good of the people to be a meaningless cliché and practically unachievable. For the same situation, the United Kingdom has a concept of land management called the trust of land. This article aims to identify whether the legislators can adopt this concept into the sphere of Indonesian agrarian law where this adoption might achieve the aim of common welfare within Law Number 5 of 1960. This article will provide a conceptual illustration and advice to the legislators to minimise the number of unused and neglected land in Indonesia to actualise Article 33 Clause (3) of the Constitution for the land to be used for the most benefits of the people.
Keywords: Control of Neglected Lands; Trust of Land; Land Law Comparison; Bank of Lands.
Abstrak
Banyaknya tanah-tanah telantar yang ada di penjuru Republik Indonesia membuat tujuan penggunaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya agraria untuk menciptakan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia tidak tercapai. Dalam satu sisi, banyak rakyat yang tidak memiliki tanah untuk digarap bahkan untuk ditinggali, padahal mereka merupakan bagian dari bangsa Indonesia. Melihat kondisi di atas, Britania Raya memiliki konsep pengelolaan lahan yang bernama trust of land. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini yakni apakah legislator Indonesia dapat mengadopsi konsep trust of land ke dalam sistem hukum agraria di Indonesia, sehingga pemanfaatan sumber daya agraria dapat lebih memberikan manfaat dan berkelajutan seperti yang diharapkan dari ketentuan Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1960. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini yakni memberikan gambaran serta masukan kepada legislator dalam upaya meminimalisir tanah-tanah terlantar yang ada di Wilayah Republik Indonesia agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat sebagaimana tertuang dalam ketentuan Pasal 33 ayat (3) Konstitusi Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Pengendalian Tanah Terlantar; Trust of Land; Perbandingan Hukum Agraria; Bank Tanah.
Buku
Graham Moffat, Trusts Law: Text and Materials (4 edn, CUP 2005).
Hanoch Dagan dan Irit Samet, ‘Express Trust: The Dark Horse of the Liberal Property Regime' in Simone Degeling (ed), Philosophical Foundations of the Law of Trusts (Forthcoming 2021).
Mahdi Zahraa, Research Methods for Law Postgraduate Overseas Student (Caledonian University 1998).
Martin Dixon dan Gerwyn L.L. H. Griffiths (ed), Contemporary Perspective on Property, Equity and Trusts Law (Oxford University Press 2007).
Matthew Carn and others, GDL&LLM: Cases and Materials on Equity and Trusts (9 edn, BPP Law School 2019).
Richard Clements dan Ademola Abass, Equity and Trust: Text, Cases, and Materials (4 edn, Oxford University Press 2015).
Urip Santoso, Hukum Agraria: Kajian Komprehensif (1 edn, Kencana 2012).
Jurnal
A.B. Douglas, ‘Trust, Formalities and the Doctrine in Rochefoucauld v Boustead' (2021) Forthcomin The Conveyancer. David Wilde, ‘The three certainties required to declare a trust- or is it four? "Distributional Certainty”' (2020) 349 Cambridge Law Journal.
Frank B. Cross, ‘Law and Trust' (2005) 1457 Georgetown Law.
Lionel Smith, ‘Common Law and Equity in R3RUE' (2011) 1185 Wash. & Lee Law Review.
Martin Dixon, ‘Trust of Land, Bankruptcy and Human Rights' (2005) 161 Conveyancer & Property Law.
””, ‘Development in Estoppel and Trust of Land' (2015) 469 Conveyancer & Property Law.
””, Modern Land Law (11 edn, Routledge 2018).
Michael C. Blumm, ‘The Public Trust Doctrine and Private Property: The Accommodation Principle' (2010) 27 Pace Environmental Law Review 649.
Muhammad Nasir and others, ‘Unilateral Claim in Dispute of Island Over the South China Sea' (2020) 4 Sriwijaya Law Review 1.
Norman Marsh, ‘Law Reform in the United Kingdom: A New Institutional Approach' (1972) 263 William & Mary Law Review.
Sarah Lowrie dan Paul Todd, ‘Re Rose Revisited' (1998) 46 Cambridge Law Journal.
Ying Khai Liew, ‘"Sham Trusts” and Ascertaining Intentions to Create a Trust' (2018) 12 Journal of Equity.
Working Paper/Report
Hiroyuki Watanabe, ‘Interview with Paul Matthews, Honourable Professor of Law of King's College London' (2012) <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3687992>.
Mark Leeming, ‘What is Trust?' (2009) 09/21 <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1386022>.
Ying Khai Liew, ‘Making Sense of Agreement-Based Constructive Trusts in the Commercial Context' (2020) 1/2021 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3741189.
Laman
All Answers Ltd, ‘Trustees in Land Lecture' (LawTeacher.net, 2022) <https://www.lawteacher.net/lectures/land-law/trusts-of-land/trustees-in-land/?vref=1> diakses 2 Maret 2022.
Gwyn Evans, ‘Oral agreements and interests in land: a walk in the park!' (Family Law: LexisNexis, 2016) <https://www.familylaw.co.uk/news_and_comment/oral-agreements-and-interests-in-land-a-walk-in-the-park-10102016> diakses 15 Maret 2022.
HM Revenue & Custom, ‘Register a trust as a trustee' (United Kingdom Government, 2020)<https://www.gov.uk/guidance/register-a-trust-as-a-trustee> diakses 25 Maret 2022.
Holly Doyle dan Rachel Lai, ‘A Matter of Trust' (Guildhall Chambers, 2018) <https://www.guildhallchambers.co.uk/uploadedFiles/A_matter_of_trust_Holly_Doyle_May_2018.pdf> diakses 10 Maret 2022.
The Law Society, ‘Trusts' (The Law Society of England and Wales) <https://www.lawsociety.org.uk/public/for-public-visitors/common-legal-issues/trusts> diakses 25 Maret 2022
Perundang-undangan
Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 65). .
The Land Registration Rules 2003 Berita Negara Britania Raya Tahun 2003 No. 1417).
Trustee Act 2000, an Act to amend the law relating to trustees and persons having the investment powers of trustees; and for connected purposes (Berita Negara Britania Raya 2000 chapter 29).
Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996, an Act to make new provision about trusts of land including provision phasing out the Settled Land Act 1925, abolishing the doctrine of conversion and otherwise amending the law about trusts for sale of land; to amend the law about the appointment and retirement of trustees of any trust; and for connected purposes (Berita Negara Britania Raya 1996 chapter 47).
Kasus
Akers v Samba Financial Group [2017] UKSC 6, [2017] AC 424.
Boyce v Boyce [1849] 60 E.R. 959.
Gartside and Another v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] UKHL 6.
Inland Revenue Commissioners v. Broadway Cottages Trust [1955] Ch. 20.
Lambe v Eames [1871] LR 6 Ch App 597.
Oates v Stimson [2006] EWCA Civ 548.
Palmer v Simmonds [1854] 61 ER 704.
Paul v Constance [1976] EWCA Civ 2 / [1977] 1 W.L.R. 527.
Re Adams and the Kensington Vestry [1884] CH 27 D 394.
Re Golay's Will Trusts [1965] 1 WLR 969.
Rochefoucauld v Boustead [1897] 1 Ch 196.
Rose and Others v The Commissioners of Inland Revenue [1952] EWCA Civ 4.
West v Weston [1998] 44 NSWLR 657.
Yaxley v Gotts & Anor [2000] Ch 162.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ardian Firmansyah Arifin, Oemar Moechthar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
