Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS): Tantangan dan Peluang Kemaritiman Masa Depan
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Abstract
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) are considered the promising future of maritime transport. MASS technology is safer and more effective in tackling current maritime issues, such as vessel collisions and accidents. MASS has a wide array of spectrum such as environmental spectrum, MASS could decrease marine accidents that result mostly from human error factors and commonly, those accidents have endangered the maritime environment and biotas. Ship accidents commonly occur in this region and result in immense oil pollution, and more than 60% is linked to human error factors. Furthermore, replacing the human decision approach with a technology such as appears in MASS on the fourth category is believed will reduce this kind of accident since the third category will be controlled by remote and the fourth will controlled by Artificial Intelligence (AI). This kind of technology commonly depends on Satellite communication in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO), which must be secure for global MASS navigation to prevent mishaps leading to another environmental catastrophe. On the other hand, the ceasing of seaman onboard intervention will likely cause a new issue regarding the jurisdiction enforcement from the coastal states. Finally, this article will scrutinise the MASS operation's prospects and challenges in the Future.
Abstrak
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) memiliki masa depan yang cukup menjanjikan. Teknologi MASS diklaim memiliki tingkat keamanan dan keselamatan yang lebih memadai, khususnya jika dikaitkan dengan masalah-masalah maritim seperti tabrakan kapal, kecelakaan kapal dan juga isu lingkungan laut. Dalam perspektif lingkungan, MASS diyakini dapat menurunkan angka kecelakaan kapal yang berimplikasi pada penurunan jumlah pencemaran bahan-bahan berbahaya ke laut sebagai hasil dari sebuah aksiden kapal laut, yang pada umumnya disebabkan oleh kelalaian fatal dari kru kapal sebesar 60%, yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan biota laut di kawasan sekitar tempat terjadinya kecelakaan. Peniadaan keputusan oleh manusia diatas kapal pada MASS kategori empat dipercaya dapat menurunkan risiko kecelakaan kapal karena pada kategori ini kapal sepenuhnya akan dikontrol melalui penggunaan kecerdasan buatan. Namun, secara umum penerapan teknologi tersebut memiliki tantangan tersendiri yakni terjaminnya konektivitas internet secara simultan dengan menggunakan teknologi satelit Orbit Bumi Rendah atau LEO, yang harus sesegera mungkin diatur untuk memastikan keamanan pengoperasionalan MASS agar tidak terjadi kecelakaan MASS yang akan berakibat fatal pada lingkungan laut. Masalah selanjutnya terkait MASS, peniadaan kru kapal pada MASS kategori tiga dan empat akan menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri bagi negara pantai. Artikel ini akan membahas tantangan dan peluang pengoperasionalan MASS di masa depan.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Taufik Rachmat Nugraha, Arfin Sudirman, Yaries Mahardika Putro, Ridha Aditya Nugraha
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