A Legal Perspective Toward Unlawful Acts in Tender Collusion in Indonesia
Downloads
The research aims to compare and examine a case of tender conspiracy seeking similarities with or seen from the perspective of civil unlawful acts. Every business actor is prohibited from carrying out an activity that results in losses for other business actors and conducting fraudulent competition. The legal issues addressed in this research include reviewing one of the prohibited activities, namely the conspiracy of tenders stipulated in Article 22 of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition (Anti-Monopoly Law), from the elements of unlawful acts based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code (Civil Code). The legal issues in this study are, first, does the practice of bid rigging contain elements of unlawful acts, and what is the legal perspective on it, and second, what are the legal consequences for business actors proven to have engaged in bid rigging. This paper uses normative legal research, supported by primary and secondary legal materials and legal approaches are relevant to the legal issues under study, such as the approach to legislation, conceptual approach and comparative approach. The findings and discussion showed that bid rigging actions can be classified as unlawful acts, based on the following elements. First, the act of collusion with the intention to manipulate and ensure who will win the tender. Second, the act qualifies as unlawful, consisting of the elements of collusion, manipulation, and ensuring a specific business actor wins the tender, along with the element of unfair competition. Third, the element of fault is fulfilled on the part of the reported parties, in this case, the tender participants. Fourth, the practice negatively affects other business actors, both materially and immaterially, particularly in their opportunity to win the tender. Fifth, there is a proven causal relationship and impact of the bid rigging committed by the reported parties, resulting in harm to other business actors. In conclusion, bid rigging practices can be classified as unlawful acts as long as the elements of such acts are fulfilled.
Anderson TJ, Our Competitive System and Public Policy (South Western Publishing 1958).
Anisah S and Raharjo T, ‘Batasan Melawan Hukum Dalam Perdata Dan Pidana Pada Kasus Persekongkolan Tender’ (2018) 25 Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum.
Ardani MYB, ‘Penerapan Justice Collabolator Dalam Reposisi Penegakan Hukum Indonesia Pada Kasus Persekongkolan Gabungan Tender’ (2024) 12 Jurnal Privat Law.
Decision of the KPPU Number 30/KPPU-I/2019 concerning Alleged Tender Collusion for the Construction of the Ngajam.
Dewobroto M, ‘Persekongkolan Tendar Pada Proyek Kerjasama Pemerintah Dan Swasta Dalam Perspektif Hukm Persaingan Usaha: Studi Kasus Putusan KPPU Perkara Nomor 15/KPPU-L/2007 & Perkara Nomor 23/KPPU-L/2007’ (Universitas Indonesia 2008).
Froeb LM, Kobayashi BH and John M. Yun, ‘Organizational Form and Enforcement Innovation’ (2023) 85 Antitrust Law Journal.
Fuady M, Perbuatan Melawan Hukum: Pendekatan Kontemporer (Mandar Maju 2005).
——, Konsep Hukum Perdata (Rajawali Press 2015).
Hamkah, Purwanto H and Matitaputty JR, ‘Evaluasi Dokumen Penawaran Menurut Jenis Kontrak’ (2019) 9 Jurnal Simetrik.
Hasbullah MA, ‘Persekongkolan Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Pemerintah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha’ (2021) 9 Jurnal Education and Development.
Hermansyah, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia (Prenada Media 2008).
Jusmadi R, Konsep Hukum Persaingan Usaha : Sejarah, Kaidah Perdagangan Bebas Dan Pengaturan Merger-Akuisisi (Malang Setara Press 2014). <https://pustaka.unimal.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=16635>.
Kamagi GA, ‘Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (Onerrechmatige Daad) Menurut Pasal 1365 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Dan Perkembangannya’ (2018) 6 Lex Privatum.
Kristianto A, ‘Negosiasi Harga E-Purchasing Katalog Dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah’ (2022) 1 Jurnal Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa.
Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition.
Lubis AF and others, ‘Hukum Persaingan Usaha Antara Teks & Konteks’ (2009).
Maheswari AA, ‘Batasan, Wewenang Dan Keterlibatan KPPU Dalam Kasus Persekongkolan Tender Menurut Hukum Persaingan Usaha’ (2020) 3 Jurist-Diction.
Malaka M, ‘Praktek Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha’ (2014) 7 Jurnal Al-Adl.
Muhammad A, Hukum Perdata Indonesia Cetakan Ke-V (Citra Aditya Bakti 2014).
Muskibah, ‘Larangan Persekongkolan Dalam Tender Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat’ (2013) 6 Inovatif: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum.
Nurhikmahyanti D, ‘Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Indonesia: Tinjauan Terhadap Kebijakan Dan Implementasi Manajemen’ (2024) 3 Jurnal Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa.
Prabwa AD and Hadi H, ‘Analisis Kedudukan Hukum Panitia Tender Dalam Kasus Persekongkolan Tender Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat’ (2018) 6 Jurnal Privat Law.
Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 12 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 on Government Procurement of Goods/Services.
Puspaingrum G, Hukum Persaingan Usaha: Perjanjian Dan Kegiatan Yang Dilarang Dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia (Aswaja Pressindo 2013).
Putra RN, ‘Urgensi Keberadaan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Dan Anti Monopoli Di Indonesia’ (2016) 1 Business Law Review.
Rato D, Filsafat Hukum Mencari: Memahami Dan Memahami Hukum (Laksbang Pressindo 2011).
Shidarta, ‘Catatan Tentang Pengaturan Persaingan Usaha Dalam Pp No. 44 Tahun 2021’ (2021) Bussines Law Binus.
Sidauruk GD, ‘Kepastian Hukum Putusan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha Dalam Penegakan Hukum Persaingan Usaha’ (2021) 6 Jurnal Lex Renaissance.
Silalahi NA, ’Pembentukan Perangkat Kepatuhan Persaingan Usaha Sebagai Strategi Untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Persaingan Usaha’ (2022) 2 Jurnal Persaingan Usaha.
Suryoprayogo E, ‘Keabsahan Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi Yang Terbukti Dibentuk Dari Persekongkolan Tender’ (2022) 7 Journal Lex Renaissance.
Tarmizi, ‘Analisis Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2019’ (2022) 8 Shar-E Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Hukum Syariah.
Tedjokusumo DD, ‘Praktik Persekongkolan Tender Dalam Pengadaan Paket Pembangunan Revetment Dan Pengurungan Lahan Di Pelabuhan’ (2023) 8 Jurnal Ius Constituendum.
Tektona R, ‘Quo Vadis : Kepastian Hukum Aturan Praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja’ (2022) 2 Jurnal Persaingan Usaha.
Widijaningsih G, ‘Penyelesaian Sengketa Praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Pasca Berlakuya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja’ (2022) 5 Unizar Law Review.
Winastri RK, Priyono EA and Hendrawati D, ‘Tinjauan Normatif Terhadap Ganti Rugi Dalam Perkara Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Yang Menimbulkan Kerugian Immateriil (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Istimewa Jakarta No. 568/1968.G)’ (2017) 6 Diponegoro Law Journal.
Yuniarlin P, ‘Penerapan Unsur-Unsur Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Terhadap Kreditur Yang Tidak Mendaftarkan Jaminan Fiducia’ (2022) 19 Jurnal Media Hukum.
Copyright (c) 2025 Galuh Puspaningrum, I Wayan Yasa, Linda Cristina Putri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
