Revisiting Local Government Authority in Energy Licensing: The Case of Gresik SEZ under Regional Autonomy
Downloads
The Gresik Special Economic Zone (SEZ), as a strategic energy and petrochemical industrial area, raises complex legal questions regarding the division of licensing authority among the Central Government, the SEZ Authority, and the Local Government (Gresik Regency/East Java Province). This study aims to comprehensively analyze the authority of the Local Government in issuing energy sector permits in the Gresik SEZ, particularly in the context of regional autonomy and the applicable SEZ regulations.The research employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and case study analysis. This triangulation of methods allows for a comprehensive examination of both the legal framework and its practical implementation within the SEZ.The findings indicate that the authority of the Local Government in energy licensing within the Gresik SEZ is highly limited. Law No. 39 of 2009 on Special Economic Zones and Government Regulation No. 86 of 2019 on the Gresik SEZ explicitly transfer licensing authority in the energy sector—such as mining business permits (IUP), electricity supply business permits (IUPTL), and environmental permits—to the SEZ Authority and the Central Government. Consequently, the scope of local autonomy in this domain has been substantially diminished. Local governments retain a role only in licensing that is not directly connected to core SEZ business activities and remains administrative or territorial in nature.The study reveals that the reduction of local government authority in the SEZ context poses challenges for balancing regional autonomy with national economic priorities. While centralization of authority aims to streamline investment processes and reinforce the strategic function of the SEZ, it risks marginalizing local government participation in critical decision-making. To address this, the study recommends establishing clear synergy and effective coordination mechanisms between the SEZ Authority, the Central Government, and the Gresik Regency Local Government, particularly in areas of supervision, environmental safeguards, and supporting services.
Anggrya Y, Destiani E and Moniyana R, ‘Pengaruh Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Dan Ekspor Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Tahun 1990-2021’ [2023] Convergence: The Journal of Economic Development 1 <https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/convergence-jep/article/view/28471>.
Asri S and Krisnawansyah Y, ‘Kolaborasi Pemerintah Pusat Dan Daerah Dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (SEZ) Di Indonesia’ (2020) 1 Jurnal Administrasi Publik dan Pemerintahan.
Cahyandari D and others, ‘Integrating Good Governance and Digitalisation: A New Breakthrough in the Special Economic Zone of Singhasari’ (2022) 12 Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 238 <https://jurnalfsh.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/aldaulah/article/view/1671>.
——, ‘Integrating Good Governance and Digitalisation: A New Breakthrough in the Special Economic Zone of Singhasari’ (2022) 12 Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 238 <https://jurnalfsh.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/aldaulah/article/view/1671>.
Chaisse J and Dimitropoulos G, ‘Special Economic Zones in International Economic Law: Towards Unilateral Economic Law’ (2021) 24 Journal of International Economic Law 229 <https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab025>.
Dalla AY and Hutabarat FN, ‘Tumpang Tindih Kewenangan Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Batam’ (2018) 2 Matra Pembaruan: Jurnal Inovasi Kebijakan 139 <https://jurnal.kemendagri.go.id/index.php/mp/article/view/493>.
Irfan M, ‘Penguatan Perlindungan Hukum Hak-Hak Masyarakat Lokal Dalam Pemberdayaan Kepariwisataan Di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (SEZ) Lombok’ 8 Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum.
Kaidah, Teori, Asas and Filasafat Hukum (Rajawali Press 2023).
Karlina L, Wulandari A and Nababan V, ‘Efektivitas Persetujuan Batam Sebagai SEZ Pariwisata Kesehatan Internasional Dalam Mempengaruhi Kebijakan Daerah’ 1 Syariah: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 248.
Marzuki PDM, Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi (Prenada Media 2017).
Nachrawi G, Robekha J and Sukarno EF, ‘Tinjauan Yuridis Pemberian Izin Kegiatan Penanaman Modal Dalam Persfektif Otonomi Daerah’ (2022) 11 Fundamental: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 14 <https://ejurnal.umbima.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/59>.
Nirmalasari A and others, ‘Pengaruh UU Cipta Kerja Terhadap Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Dan Implikasi Ekonomi)’ (2024) 9 Musytari : Neraca Manajemen, Akuntansi, Dan Ekonomi 1.
Prasetyo ND and others, ‘The Politics of Indonesia’s Decentralization Law Based on Regional Competency’ (2021) 8 Brawijaya Law Journal 159 <https://lawjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/law/article/view/501>.
Rokhman B and others, ‘Risk-Based Business Licensing Implementation Through the Online Single Submission (OSS) System: Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Melalui Sistem Online Single Submission (OSS)’ (2024) 6 Journal of Social and Economics Research 1562 <https://idm.or.id/JSER/index.php/JSER/article/view/399>.
Rosari A, Darnis D and Patra L, ‘Penyederhanaan Izin Usaha Pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, Berdasarkan Prinsip Perizinan Berbasis Besarnya Resiko Berusaha’ (2024) 4 Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik 314 <https://dinastirev.org/JIHHP/article/view/1930>.
Suryani NI and Febriani RE, ‘KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS DAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI REGIONAL: SEBUAH STUDI LITERATUR’ (2019) 1 Convergence: The Journal of Economic Development 40 <https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/convergence-jep/article/view/10902>.
Suryna, ‘Otonomi Daerah and Pembangunan Ekonomi’ (Rajawali Pers).
Tatodi GPT, Frederik WAPG and Sendow A, ‘Tinjauan Yuridis Pengadaan Tanah Dalam Pembangunan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Bekas Tanah Negara’ (2025) 15 Lex Privatum <https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/61720>.
Triana AR and others, ‘Kepastian Hukum Dalam Penanaman Modal Investasi Di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Dari Perspektif Investor’ (2024) 1 Politika Progresif : Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Humaniora 246 <https://journal.lpkd.or.id/index.php/Progres/article/view/551>.
Zainal Arifin Mochtar and Eddy O.S Hiariej, Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum: Memahami Kaidah, Teori, Asas Dan Filsafat Hukum (Rajawali Press 2023).
Copyright (c) 2025 Shinta Hadiyantina, Dewi Cahyandari, Amelia Ayu Paramitha, Qurni Annamalia, Dwi Benny Satria
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
