Review Article: Skin Condition and Skin Care in Premature Infants
Downloads
Background: The majority of newborn skin care recommendations focus on concerns for healthy, full-term infants. Compared to mature infants, the skin of premature infants, those who are born at the gestational age of 37 weeks, is more vulnerable to injury, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and transepidermal intoxication. There are no established guidelines for premature infant skin care. Discussion and review regarding this topic are needed. Purpose: To review the literature on skin conditions and skin care in premature infants. Review: The barrier function of premature skin is significantly compromised because the stratum corneum does not fully mature until late in the third trimester. Premature infants have immature skin with impaired barrier function characterized by high TEWL, increased absorption of chemicals, and increased risk of infection. Some particular issues in premature infant skin are controlling TEWL, avoiding mechanical damage, proper sterilization to control infection, awareness of percutaneous drug toxicity, appropriate bathing and umbilical cord care, and appropriate management of skin problems. Conclusion: Premature infant skin is more vulnerable due to immature development. Skin care for premature infants requires careful attention.
Walters RM, Khanna P, Chu M, Mack MC. Developmental changes in skin barrier and structure during the first 5 years of life. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2016;29(3):111–8.
Kusari A, Han AM, Virgen CA, Matiz C, Rasmussen M, Friedlander SF, et al. Evidence"based skin care in premature infants. Pediatr Dermatol 2019;36(1):16–23.
Johnson E, Hunt R. Infant skin care: updates and recommendations. Curr Opin Pediatr 2019;31(4):476-81.
Kutlubay Z, Tanakol A, Engí½n B, Onel C, Sí½msek E, Serdaroglu S, et al. Newborn skin: common skin problems. Maedica 2017;12(1):42–7.
Hoeger PH. Physiology of neonatal skin. In: Hoeger P, Kinsler V, Yan A, editors. Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2019. p. 56-62.
Eichenfield, Lawrence F., et al. Neonatal and infant dermatology e-book. Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014
Hoeger PH. Neonatal Skin Care. . In: Hoeger P, Kinsler V, Yan A, editors. Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2019. p. 63-71.
Kelleher MM, O'Carroll M, Gallagher A, Murray DM, Dunn Galvin A, Irvine AD, et al. Newborn transepidermal water loss values: a reference dataset. Pediatr Dermatol 2013 Nov;30(6):712–6.
Jost K, Pramana I, Delgado-Eckert E, Kumar N, Datta AN, Frey U, et al. Dynamics and complexity of body temperature in premature infants nursed in incubators. PLOS ONE 2017;12(4):e0176670.
Sathiyamurthy S, Banerjee J, Godambe SV. Antiseptic use in the neonatal intensive care unit - a dilemma in clinical practice: an evidence based review. World J Clin Pediatr 2016;5(2):159–71.
Coffey PS, Brown SC. Umbilical cord-care practices in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017;17(1):68.
Stewart D, Benitz W, Committee On Fetus And Newborn. Umbilical cord care in the newborn infant. Pediatrics 2016;138(3):e20162149.
Nadeau K, Sindher S, Berdyshev E, Shojinaga M, Alkotob S, Alonzi S, et al. Skin TEWL results show significant improvements with trilipid emollient compared to controls in infants and young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;145(2):AB240.
Nangia S, Paul VK, Deorari AK, Sreenivas V, Agarwal R, Chawla D. Topical oil application and trans-epidermal water loss in premature very low birth weight infants”a randomized trial. J Trop Pediatr 2015;fmv049.
Blume-Peytavi U, Hauser M, Stamatas GN, Pathirana D, Garcia Bartels N. Skin care practices for newborns and infants: review of the clinical evidence for best practices: skin care practices for newborns and infants. Pediatr Dermatol 2012;29(1):1–14.
Lund C. Bathing and beyond: current bathing controversies for newborn infants. Adv Neonatal Care 2016;16(5S):S13–20.
Wirantari N, Astari L, Zulkarnain I. pH value of infant's skin is higher on diaper area compared to nondiaper area. Dermatol Rep 2019;11(s1):103-5
Aisyah I, Zulkarnain I, Sawitri S. Profil nilai ph dan transepidermal water loss (TEWL) pada pasien dermatitis atopik anak. Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin (BIKKK) 2019;31(2):138-43.
Afsar FS. Skin care for premature and term infants. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009;34(8):855-8.
Aredes ND, Santos RC, Fonseca LM. Skin care of premature newborns: an integrative review. Rev Eletr Enf 2017;19:a59.
Madhu R, Chandran V, Anandan V, Nedunchelian K, Thangavelu S, Soans ST, Shastri DD, Parekh BJ, Kumar RR, Basavaraja GV. Indian academy of pediatrics guidelines for pediatric skin care. Indian Pediatr 2021;58:153-61.
Taí¯eb A. Skin barrier in the neonate. Pediatr Dermatol 2018;35:s5-9.
Burdall O, Willgress L, Goad N. Neonatal skin care: developments in care to maintain neonatal barrier function and prevention of diaper dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2019;36(1):31-5.
FAAD LA, Bree AF, Pinera-Llano AA, FAAD AH. The importance of skincare for infants and infants: an algorithm. J Drugs Dermatol 2021;20(11):1195-205.
Schachner LA, Andriessen A, Benjamin L, Bree AF, Lechman PA, Pinera-Llano AA, Kircik L. A consensus about the importance of ceramide containing skincare for normal and sensitive skin conditions in infants and infants. J Drugs Dermatol 2020;19(8):769-76.
Copyright (c) 2023 Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Copyright of the article is transferred to the journal, by the knowledge of the author, whilst the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Atribusi-Non Commercial-Share alike (CC BY-NC-SA), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
- The articles published in the journal are open access and can be used for non-commercial purposes. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation
The manuscript authentic and copyright statement submission can be downloaded ON THIS FORM.
