The use of dermoscope to differentiate Pityrosporum folliculitis and Acne vulgaris
Downloads
Background: Both Pityrosporum folliculitis (PF) and Acne vulgaris (AV) are chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous follicle but with different etiology. The similar findings may lead to misdiagnosis that worsen symptoms, especially if PF is treated with antibiotics meant for AV. A simple KOH examination helps to differentiate PF and AV is not always readily available in clinical setting.Purpose: to find an alternative, practical tool to confirm the diagnose of PF and AV.Review: Dermoscope is a handheld microscope equipped with 10x magnification and a light source for microscopic visualization of the subcutaneous structures. The monomorphic lesions in PF appear as hypopigmented, round lesions with coiled/looped hair in the center. Dermoscope image of AV varies according its polymorphic manifestations. A non-inflammatory AV shows a yellow-brown blockage in the center while inflammatory AV is depicted as round, whitish lesions with thin brownish borders and erythematous marginal lesions. Pustular AV appears as raised lesions with indistinct borders and white or yellowish in the middle and surrounding reddish borders.Conclusion: Dermoscope help to see skin structures invisible to naked eyes and thus, help to diagnose PF and AV.
Kundu R V., Garg A. Yeast Infections: Candidiasis, Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor, and Malassezia (Pityrosporum) Folliculitis. In: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K, editors. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. New York: McGrawHill; 2012. p. 2298–311.
Nurwulan D, Suyoso S, Ervianti E. Profile of Malassezia Folliculitis. BIKKK 2015; 27(2): 121–9.
Bernadette I. Patogenesis akne vulgaris. In: Wasitaatmadja SM, editor. Akne. Jakarta: FKUI; 2018. p. 1–8.
Prindaville B, Belazarian L, Levin NA, Wiss K. Pityrosporum folliculitis: A retrospective review of 110 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet] 2018; 78(3): 511–4.
Pedrosa AF, Lisboa C. Malassezia infections: a medical conundrum. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71(1): 170–6.
Hald M, Arendrup MC, Svejgaard EL, Lindskov R, Foged EK, Saunte DML. Evidence-based Danish Guidelines for the Treatment of Malassezia - related Skin Diseases. 2015;(1): 12–9.
Errichetti E, Stinco G. Dermoscopy in general dermatology : a practical overview. Dermatol Ther 6(4): 471–507.
Jakhar D, Kaur I, Chaudhary R. Dermoscopy of pityrosporum folliculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet] 2019; 80(2): e43–4.
Reiss E, Shadomy HJ, Lyon III GM, editors. Dermatomycoses. In: Fundamental medical mycology. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 567–88.
Harada K, Saito M, Sugita T, Tsuboi R. Malassezia species and their associated skin diseases. J Dermatol 2015; 42(3): 250–7.
Tu W, Chin S, Chou C, Hsu C, Chen Y, Liu D, et al. Utility of Gram staining for diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis. J Dermatol 2017; 45(2): 228–31.
Suzuki C, Hase M, Shimoyama H, Sei Y. Treatment Outcomes for Malassezia Folliculitis in the Dermatology Department of a University Hospital in Japan. Med Mycol J 2016; 57E: 1–4.
Ashbee HR, Evans EG V. Immunology of Diseases Associated with Malassezia Species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15(1): 21–57.
Gaitanis G, Magiatis P, Hantschke M, Bassukas ID, Velegraki A. The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25(1): 106–41.
Cong TX, Hao D, Wen X, Li XH, He G, Jiang X. From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents. Arch Dermatol Res [Internet] 2019; 311(5): 337–49.
Thiboutot DM, Dréno CB, Abanmi FA, Alexis AF, Araviiskaia E, Isabel M, et al. Practical management of acne for clinicians: An international consensus from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet] 2017; 72(2 Suppl 1): S1–S23.e1.
Ayudianti P, Indramaya DM. Studi retrospektif: Faktor pencetus akne vulgaris. BIKKK 2010; 26(1): 41–7.
Ahluwalia J, Bs JB, Ms RSA, Schwartz EW, Dana MBA, Mba H, et al. The microbiome in preadolescent acne : Assessment and prospective analysis of the influence of benzoyl peroxide. Pediatr Dermatol 2019; 36(2): 200–6.
Zaenglein AL, Emmy M. Graber &, Thiboutot DM. Acne vulgaris and acneiform eruptions. In: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K, editors. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. New York: McGrawHill; 2012. p. 897–917.
Xu H, Li H. Acne, the skin microbiome, and antibiotic treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol [Internet] 20(3): 335–44.
Platsidaki E, Dessinioti C. Recent advances in understanding Propionibacterium acnes (Cutibacterium acnes) in acne. F1000Res 2018; 7.
Sugawara T, Nakagawa N, Shimizu N, Hirai N, Saijo Y, Sakai S. Gender- and age-related differences in facial sebaceous glands in Asian skin, as observed by non-invasive analysis using three-dimensional ultrasound microscopy. Ski Res Technol 2019; 1–8.
Tilles G. Acne Pathogenesis : History of Concepts. Dermatology 2014; 229(1): 1–46.
Wang SQ, Marghoob AA, Scope A. Principles of dermoscopy and dermoscopic equipment. In: Marghoob AA, Malvehy J, Braun RP, editors. Atlas of dermoscopy. London: Informa Healthcare; 2012. p. 3–9.
Ahmad Z, Ervianti E. Dermoscopic Examination in Malassezia folliculitis. Berk Ilmu Kesahatan Kulit dan Kelamin 2022; 34(2): 130–6.
Jakhar D, Bhatia V, Gupta RK, Kaur I. Dermoscopy as an Auxiliary Tool in the Assessment of Malassezia Folliculitis : An Observational Study. Actas dermosifiliogríaficas [Internet] 2022; 113(1): 78–81.
Alma A, Sticchi A, Chello C, Guida S, Farnetani F, Chester J, et al. Dermoscopy, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Acne: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11(7).
Lacarrubba F, Ardigo M, Di Stefani A, Verzi AE, Micali G. Dermatoscopy and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Correlations in Nonmelanocytic Disorders. Dermatol Clin 2018; 36(4): 487–501
Copyright (c) 2023 Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Copyright of the article is transferred to the journal, by the knowledge of the author, whilst the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Atribusi-Non Commercial-Share alike (CC BY-NC-SA), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
- The articles published in the journal are open access and can be used for non-commercial purposes. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation
The manuscript authentic and copyright statement submission can be downloaded ON THIS FORM.
