Covid-19 In A Patient With Pemphigus: A Case Report
Downloads
Background: Pemphigus disease, especsially Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), is an autoimmune disease resulting in blisters on the skin and mucosa due to autoantibodies attacking desmogleins (DSG) 1 and 3. Autoimmunity development in PV may be idiopathic or induced by neoplasms, drugs, infections, or inflammatory processes. Besides affecting the respiratory tract, COVID-19 may also affect other systems, such as the skin. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 have similarities, which is an overreaction of the immune system. Purpose: To report a case about the association between PV autoimmune disease and COVID-19. Case: A 30-year-old woman presented with full-body pain and ulcers. Three days before the skin lesions, the patient complained of a mild cough, and the SARS-CoV-2 examination was positive. The patient was treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids along with broad-spectrum antivirals. The patient was discharged with an improved lesion condition and a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR on day 5 of treatment. Discussion: Prolonged viral infection or viral infection itself, such as COVID-19 can cause immune system dysregulation leading to autoimmune skin lesions with different mechanisms. The use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressants in autoimmune diseases increases the risk of COVID-19 infection in a pandemic. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris are interrelated with the presence of immune dysregulation leading to skin lesions
Schmidt E, Kasperkiewicz M, Joly P. Pemphigus. Lancet. 2019; 394:882–94.
Rehman A, Huang Y, Wan H. Evolving Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Review Emphasizing the Role of Desmoglein 3 in Regulating p53 and the Yes-Associated Protein. 2021;11(7).
Abdollahimajd F, Shahidi-Dadras M, Robati RM, Dadkhahfar S. Management of Pemphigus in COVID-19 Pandemic Era; a Review Article. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):e51.
Hasan S, Ahmed S, Kiran R. Pemphigus Vulgaris: an Update on Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities. Int Res J Pharm. 2019;10(3):1–6.
Hosseini P, Sadegh Fallahi M, Erabi G, Pakdin M, Mahdi Zarezadeh S, Faridzadeh A, et al. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;9:1–21.
Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020; 1:109:102433.
Liu Y, Sawalha AH, Lu Q. COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2021;33(2):155–62.
De Medeiros VLS, Monteiro-Neto AU, França DDT, Castelo Branco R, de Miranda Coelho í‰O, Takano DM. Pemphigus Vulgaris After COVID-19: a Case of Induced Autoimmunity. SN Compr Clin Med. 2021;3(8):1768–72.
Elmas ÖF, Demirbaş A, Türsen Ü, Atasoy M, Lotti T. Pemphigus and COVID-19: Critical overview of management with a focus on treatment choice. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):1–6.
Seirafianpour F, Sodagar S, Pour Mohammad A, Panahi P, Mozafarpoor S, Almasi S, et al. Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Dermatol. Ther. 2020;33(6).
Sinagra JL, Vedovelli C, Binazzi R, Salemme A, Moro F, Mazzati ,et al. Case Report Complete and Fast Recovery from Severe COVID-19 in a Pemphigus Patient Treated with Rituximab. Front. Immunol. 2021;12:665522.
Wiryadi BE. Dermatology and Venerology Disease. Chronic vesikobulose dermatosis. Etiology, clinic manifestation. 7th edition. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; 2021.
Payne AS, Stanley JR. Vesicobullous disorder. In Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichigan AJ, et al., Editors. Fitzpatrick Dermatology. 9th Edition. 2019; 910-5.
Mohaghegh F, Hatami P, Refaghat A, Mehdizadeh M, Aryanian Z, Mohandesi FA, et al. New Onset Pemphigus Foliaceus Following SARS Cov-2 Infection and Unmasking Multiple Sclerosis. Wiley Clinical Case Report. 2022;10(6):e05910.
Demirbas A, Elmas OF, Atasoy M, Demirbas GU, Tursen U, Lotti T, et al. A Case of COVID-19 in a Patient with PemphigusSuccessfully Managed with Favipiravir. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13;370-2
Kim YH, Kang HY. Pemhigus Vulgaris Possibly Associated with covid-19 infection. Cureus. 2023;17:15(1)
Copyright (c) 2023 Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Copyright of the article is transferred to the journal, by the knowledge of the author, whilst the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Atribusi-Non Commercial-Share alike (CC BY-NC-SA), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
- The articles published in the journal are open access and can be used for non-commercial purposes. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation
The manuscript authentic and copyright statement submission can be downloaded ON THIS FORM.
