Hubungan antara Kadar CD4+ dengan Angka Kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Pasien HIV/AIDS
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Latar Belakang: Infeksi menular seksual (IMS), termasuk infeksi Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), merupakan masalah utama di negara berkembang. Koinfeksi IMS pada pasien HIV merupakan faktor komorbid peningkatan risiko transmisi HIV dan IMS. Kadar sel limfosit T CD4+ digunakan untuk menentukan imunitas pasien HIV/AIDS. Studi yang menghubungkan jumlah sel CD4+ dan angka kejadian IMS pada pasien HIV/AIDS hingga kini hanya sedikit. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi profil IMS pada pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUD dr. Moewardi dan mengevaluasi hubungan antara kadar sel limfosit CD4+ dengan angka kejadian IMS pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medik klinik Voluntary Conseling and Testing (VCT) RSUD dr. Moewardi periode Januari 2014 - Maret 2016. Diagnosis IMS ditegakkan berdasarkan pendekatan sindrom. Data CD4+ pasien IMS dengan HIV/AIDS dicatat untuk diolah secara statistik. Hasil: Kasus terbanyak adalah kondiloma akuminata (44%), ulkus genital nonherpes (12%), dan herpes genitalis (12%). Pemeriksaan sel limfosit CD4+ berdasar data rekam medis,13 pasien memiliki nilai CD4+ ≤ 350 sel/mm3, 2 pasien memiliki nilai CD4+ >350 sel/mm3, dan nilai CD4+ pada 7 pasien lainnya tidak diketahui. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara CD4+ dan angka kejadian IMS (p=0,562), tetapi kelompok nilai CD4+ rendah berisiko 1,16 kali untuk terkena IMS dibandingkan kelompok nilai CD4+ tinggi (0,67 kali). Simpulan: Hubungan bermakna antara kadar sel limfosit T CD4+ dan angka kejadian IMS belum dapat ditegakkan, meskipun kadar CD4+ rendah berisiko 1,16 kali untuk terkena IMS. Skrining kasus IMS pada pasien HIV/AIDS disertai perubahan perilaku dan pengobatan IMS yang tepat diharapkan dapat mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS.
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