Peran Caregiver dalam Pemberian Metode Visual Support pada Individu ASD
Downloads
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran peran yang dilakukan oleh caregiver dalam pemberian metode dukungan visual pada individu autis. Individu autis memiliki hambatan perkembangan seperti komunikasi dan menerima informasi, namun memiliki otak visual yang baik, untuk itu dukungan visual dapat dijadikan metode yang efektif untuk menterjemahkan informasi menjadi bentuk visual. Keberhasilan metode ini tidak terlepas dari keterlibatan caregiver dalam menyampaikannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif tipe studi kasus, dengan subjek dua orang tua sekaligus sebagai caregiver. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semiterstruktur. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data tematik data driven. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh peran yang dilakukan oleh caregiver, yaitu pengajar, pengawas, pembimbing, pelajar, penyedia, penyesuai, dan perpanjangan tangan terapis. Faktor pendukung yang ditemukan adalah informasi yang dimiliki tentang autisme dan dukungan visual, dukungan sosial, dan pengalaman. Faktor penghambat yaitu cara untuk menyederhanakan informasi, ketidakpastian efektivitas penyampaian informasi, dan menyesuaikan topik informasi menjadi bentuk visual.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2-41.
Dettmer, S., Simpson, R. L., Myles, B. S., & Ganz, J. B. (2000). The use of visual supports to facilitate transitions of students with autism. Focus on autism and other developmental disabilities, 163-
Dyrbjerg, P., & Vedel, M. (2007). Everyday Education Visual Support for Children with Autism. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Ginanjar, A. S. (2007). Memahami spektrum autistik secara holistik. Makara, Sosial Humaniora, vol 11, no. 2, 87-99.
Grandin, T. (1995). Thinking in pictures: And other reports from my life with autism. New York: Doubleday.
Hayes, G. R., Hirano, S., Marcu, G., Monibi, M., Nguyen, D. H., & Yeganyan, M. (2010). Interactive visual supports for children with autism. Pers Ubiquit Comput, 663-680.
Hill, E. (2004). Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism. Developmental Review, 24, 189-233.
Hume, K., Wong, C., Plavnick, J., & Schultz, T. (2014). Use of Visual Supports with Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In J. Tarbox, D. R. Dixon, P. Strumey, & J. L. Matson, Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder (pp. 375-402). New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
Hunt, C. K. (2003). Concept in Caregiver Research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 27-31.
Iowa Departement of education early childhood services beurau. (2010). Talking to parents about autism. Iowa: Iowa Departement of education early childhood services beurau.
Johnston, S., Nelson, C., Evans, J., & Palazolo, K. (2003). The use of visual supports in teaching young children with autism spectrum disorder to initiate interactions. Augmentative and alternative
communication 19 (2), 86-103.
KBBI. (n.d.). Pengasuh. Retrieved April 4, 2020, from KBBI Daring: https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/pengasuh
Koesdiningsih, T. (2018). Pengaruh penggunaan visual support terhadap perbaikan klinis anak dengan autism spectrum disorder (ASD) di unit pelayanan terpadu daerah anak berkebutuhan khusus (UPTD ABK) Sidoarjo. Surabaya: IR-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.
Kunda, M., & Goel, A. K. (2011). Thinking in pictures as a cognitive account of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 41, 1157-1177.
McLeod, S. A. (2012). Working Memory. Retrieved Maret 01, 2020, from Simply Psychology:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/working%20memory.html
Meadan, H., Otrosky, M. M., Triplett, B., Michna, A., & Fettig, A. (2011). Using VIsual Support With Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Teaching exceptional young children. Vol 43, No 6, 28-35.
Milligan, C. (2005). From home to `home': situating emotions within the caregiving experience.
Environment and Planning A 2005, volume 37, 2105-2120.
Ratri, D. (2016). Buku Psikologi ABK. Yogyakarta: Psikoasain.
Siller, M., & Sigman, M. (2002). The Behaviors of Parents of Children with Autism Predict the Subsequent Development of Their Children's Communication. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, Vol. 32, No. 2, 77-89.
Tager-Flusberg, H. (2003). Language impairments in children with complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Languange competence across population, 297-321.
Tager-Flusberg, H., Paul, Rhea, & Lord, C. (2019). Language and communication in autism. In H. TagerFlusberg, Paul, Rhea, & C. Lord, Development and behaviour (pp. 89-111). Cambridge University Press.
BRPKM is a periodical publication with open access to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0). Therfore, the copyright remains with the author.
With this license, anyone has the right to use the information and to re-distribute the content contained in this journal for any purpose, including commercial purposes. It can be done as long as it fulfills two conditions, namely; (1) you shall provide attribution by citing the original link source, and state if any changes have been made; and (2) you may not use any legal provisions or technological means of control that can legally restrict others from doing the things that are permitted by this license.
Journal editors will not ask the author to approve the transfer of copyright on all published manuscripts.
