Article Sidebar

Submitted
12 January 2021
Accepted
12 January 2021
Published
30 September 2020
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 664 Download : 653

Main Article Content

Abstract

Total cholesterol level is one of the risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The proportion rate of hypercholesterolemia in Indonesia remains high, numbering around one third of (35,9%) Indonesians. Hypercholesterolemia is a modifiable risk factor, one of early measures that can be taken to prevent hypercholesterolemia is nutritional intervention. A dietary pattern high in plant sources and lower fat consumption has been recommended by several health organisation for prevention of hypercholesterolemia. This study was intended to determine mean difference of cholesterol level between vegetarian and nonvegetarian in Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang. This was an observational analytical study with cross-sectional design. A total of 173 subjects at Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang was included which consist of 80 Vegetarian and 93 Nonvegetarian. Measurement of total cholesterol level was done using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) Autocheck® Multi Monitoring System and parametric Independent T Test was chosen as method of statistical analysis. p <0.001 indicates significant differences of total cholesterol level between vegetarian (172,51± 39,05 mg/dL ) and nonvegetarian (228,67±68,07 mg/dL) groups. The mean differences of total cholesterol of vegetarian group is 56,16 mg/dl lower than non vegetarian groups. A significant differences exist in total cholesterol level between vegetarian and non vegetarian group at Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang. Vegetarian groups has lower total cholesterol level compared to nonvegetarian.

Keywords

Cholesterol Nonvegetarian Vegetarian

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Folia Medica Indonesiana

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

  • Folia Medica Indonesiana is a scientific peer-reviewed article which freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research purposes. Folia Medica Indonesiana (p-ISSN: 2541-1012; e-ISSN: 2528-2018) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Manuscripts submitted to Folia Medica Indonesiana are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License. The terms of the license are:

    Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

    NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

    ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

    No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

    You  are free to :

    Share ” copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.

    Adapt ” remix, transform, and build upon the material.

How to Cite
Nudhar, L., Subandrate, S., Susilawati, S., & Oswari, L. (2020). Mean Differences of Total Cholesterol Levels among Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians at Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang, Indonesia. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 56(3), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24555
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Allès B, Baudry J, Méjean C, et al(2017). Comparison of sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics between self-reported vegetarians, vegans, and meat-eaters from the Nutrinet-Sante study.Nutrients 9(9),1023.
  2. Ashwini(2016). A Comparative Study of Metabolic Profile, Anthropometric Parameters among Vegetarians and Non-vegetarians- do vegetarian diet have a cardioprotective role? International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 4(6)
  3. Clarys P, Deliens T, Huybrechts I, et al(2014). Comparison of nutritional quality of the vegan, vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian and omnivorous diet. Nutrients 6(3),1327
  4. Gallimore T(2015). Understanding the reasons for and barriers to becoming vegetarian in prospective vegetarians and vegans- A qualitative phenomenological exploration, (Doctoral dissertation, MSc Thesis, QC: McGill University).
  5. Gan WY, Boo S, Seik MY, et al (2018). Comparing the nutritional status of vegetarians and non-vegetarians from a Buddhist Organisation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Body Composition 24(1),89
  6. Hartmann C, SiegristM(2017). Consumer perception and behaviour regarding sustainable protein consumption: A systematic review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 61, 11–25
  7. Huang T, YangB, Zheng J, et al(2012). Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Annals of nutrition and metabolism60(4), 234–237
  8. Huang YW, Jian ZH, Chang HC, et al(2014). Vegan diet and blood lipid profiles: a cross-sectional study of pre and postmenopausal women. BMC Women's Health 14(1),55
  9. Humane League Labs (2014) United States: Diet Change and Demographic Characteristics of Vegans, Vegetarians, Semi-Vegetarians, and Omnivores, available from http://www.humaneleaguelabs.org/static/reports/2014/04/diet-change-and-demographic-characteristics1.pdf. Accessed November12, 2018
  10. Hussar KM, Harris PL(2010). Children who choose not to eat meat: A study of early moral decision"making. Social Development 19(3), 627–631
  11. Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia(2013). Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 Bidang Biomedis.Jakarta: BadanPenelitiandanPengembanganKesehatan, p 259-260.
  12. Jian ZH, Chiang YC, Lung CC, et al(2015). Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and TAG levels by gender. Public health nutrition 18(4), 721–726
  13. Lee YJ, Wang MY, Lin MC, et al (2016). Associations between vitamin B-12 status and oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic vegetarians and omnivores. Nutrients 8(3),118
  14. Lütjohann D, Meyer S, von Bergmann K, et al(2018). Cholesterol absorption and synthesis in vegetarians and omnivores. Molecular nutrition & food research 62(6),1-2
  15. Marsh K, Zeuschner C, Saunders A(2012). Health implications of a vegetarian diet: A review. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 6(3): 250–267.
  16. McEvoy CT, Temple N, Woodside JV(2012). Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review. Public health nutrition 15(12), 2287–2294
  17. Murray CJL, Abraham J, Ali MK, et al(2013). The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. Jama 310(6), 591–606.
  18. Peni KL(2014). Perbedaan pola makan, kadar gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat antara kelompok vegetarian dan non vegetarian di perumahan Cemara Asri Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Deli Serdang. Undergraduate thesis on Public Health Science, p 67-76
  19. Pribis P, Pencak RC, Grajales T(2010). Beliefs and attitudes toward vegetarian lifestyle across generations. Nutrients 2, 523–531
  20. Qi L, Ding X, Tang W, et al (2015). Prevalence and risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in Chongqing, China. International journal of environmental research and public health 12(10), 13455-13458
  21. Ray KK, Kastelein JJP, Matthijs BS, et al(2014). The ACC/AHA 2013 guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in adults: the good the bad and the uncertain: a comparison with ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias 2011. European heart journal 35(15), 960–968
  22. Verma M, Verma P, Parveen S, et al(2015). Comparative study of lipid profile levels in vegetarian and non-vegetarian person. Int J Life Sci Sci. Res 1(2), 89–93
  23. Vinagre JC, Vinagre CCG, Pozzi FS, et al(2014). Plasma kinetics of chylomicron-like emulsion and lipid transfers to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in lacto-ovo vegetarian and in omnivorous subjects. European journal of nutrition 53(3), 981–987
  24. Wang F, Zheng J, Yang B, et al(2015). Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta"Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease4(10)