Article Sidebar

Submitted
5 February 2021
Published
5 September 2021
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 745 Download : 676

Main Article Content

Abstract

A skeletal-related event (SRE) is an event occurring due to bone metastasis in prostate cancer. SREs are usually marked by pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, or bone metastasis requiring radiotherapy or operation. Case I: A 64-year-old male was diagnosed with a pathological fracture of the left femur. Thoracal CT scan showed osteoblastic lesions in the thoracal vertebrae, sternum, clavicle, and humeral head. Spinal MRI showed destruction of the cervical to sacral vertebral bodies. The histopathological result with Adenocarcinoma Gleason scores 8 (4+4) and an initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 689,7 ng/dL. Afterward, subcapsular orchiectomy was performed. However, his PSA level was still high (>100 ng/dL) even after serum testosterone had reached a castration level. The patient died during the first chemotherapy using docetaxel. Case II: A 61-year-old male was diagnosed with inferior paraplegia and neurogenic bladder, paraparesis, urinary retention, and pain in the flank area. Spinal MRI showed a pathological compression fracture of the 8th thoracic vertebrae. Thoracal CT scan showed costal and 8th thoracal vertebrae destruction as well as multiple nodules in the lungs. Histological results with Adenocarcinoma Gleason score 9 (4+5) and an initial PSA level of 750 ng/dL. Afterward, subcapsular orchiectomy was performed. Serum testosterone reached castration level with the lowest PSA concentration of 21.6 g/dL. The patient declined chemotherapy and agreed to palliative treatment. He died one year after diagnosis. A high PSA level (>500 ng/dL) could potentially be used as a predictor for severe SRE.

Keywords

Prostate cancer skeletal-related event bone metastasis bone pain mcrpc disease

Article Details

License

  • Folia Medica Indonesiana is a scientific peer-reviewed article which freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research purposes. Folia Medica Indonesiana (p-ISSN: 2541-1012; e-ISSN: 2528-2018) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Manuscripts submitted to Folia Medica Indonesiana are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License. The terms of the license are:

    Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

    NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

    ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

    No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

    You  are free to :

    Share ” copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.

    Adapt ” remix, transform, and build upon the material.

How to Cite
Diatmika, A. A. N. O., & Hardjowijoto, S. (2021). Skeletal-Related Events (SRE) in Prostate Cancer: A Report of Two Cases. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 57(3), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v57i3.25250
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Bell KJL, Mar CD, Wright G, et al (2015). Prevalence of incidental prostate cancer: A systematic review of autopsy studies. International Journal of Cancer 137, 1749-1757.
  2. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 68, 394-424.
  3. El Badri SAM, Salawu A, Brown JE (2019). Bone health in men with prostate cancer: Review article. Current Osteoporosis Reports 17, 527-537.
  4. Gartrell BA, Coleman R, Efstathiou E, et al (2015). Metastatic prostate cancer and the bone: Significance and therapeutic options. European Urology 68, 850-858.
  5. Guzik G (2017). Oncological and functional results of the surgical treatment of vertebral metastases in patients with multiple myeloma. BMC Surgery 17, 1-8.
  6. Hussain A, Aly A, Mullins CD, et al (2016). Risk of skeletal related events among elderly prostate cancer patients by site of metastasis at diagnosis. Cancer Medicine 5, 3300-3309.
  7. Idowu BM (2018). Prostate carcinoma presenting with diffuse osteolytic metastases and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy mimicking multiple myeloma. Clinical Case Reports 6, 253-257.
  8. Kawai AT, Martinez D, Saltus CW, et al (2019). Incidence of second primary malignancies in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: An observational retrospective cohort study in the United States. Prostate Cancer 2019, 1-7.
  9. Kirakoya B, Pare AK, Abubakar BM, et al (2017). Prostate cancer presenting with parietal bone metastasis. Case Reports in Urology 2017, 1-3.
  10. Mottet N, Cornford P, Bergh RCN, et al (2020). EAU - EANM - ESTRO - ESUR - SIOG guideline on prostate cancer. European Association of Urology 79, 243-262.
  11. Partin AW, Dmochowski R, Kavousii L, et al (2020). Campbell Walsh Wein Urology: 11th edition. Amsterdam, Elsevier Health Sciences.
  12. Petrakis D, Pentheroudakis G, Kamina S, et al (2015). An unusual presentation of a patient with advanced prostate cancer, massive ascites and peritoneal metastasis: Case report and literature review. Journal of Advanced Research 6, 517-521.
  13. Safriadi F (2013). Bone metastases and bone loss medical treatment in prostate cancer patients. Acta medica Indonesiana 45, 76-80.
  14. So A, Chin J, Fleshner N, et al (2012). Management of skeletal-related events in patients with advanced prostate cancer and bone metastases: Incorporating new agents into clinical practice. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association 6, 465-470.
  15. Zustovich F, Fabiani F (2014). Therapeutic opportunities for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 91, 197-209.

Most read articles by the same author(s)