Main Article Content
Abstract
Highlights
- The research this for determine the presence of immune response post-vaccine
- The results of this study indicate that there are differences in immune responses, in survivors patients have higher SRBD antibody levels than non-survivors
Abstract :
The development of a vaccine for SARS-COV-2 began in mid-2020 with the aim of stimulating an individual's immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of post-vaccine SRBD antibody secreted in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors. Antibodies are considered to play a more important role in evaluating immunity because antibody tests may provide information about a person's immune status against SARS-CoV-2. The study was conducted at Husada Utama Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in April – May 2021. The samples were taken prospectively with a total sample of 60 patients, consisting of 40 non-survivors and 20 survivors of COVID-19 who had received Sinovac vaccine doses 1 and 2. Examination of Sars-CoV-2 SRBD antibody was conducted by using CL series of Mindray device by means of CLIA method. The average level of antibody was assessed in each sample group and the results were subjected to the Mann Whitney test. The mean SRBD antibody level in female patients was 428.24 ± 271.25, while in male patients it was 310.40 ± 113.71 U/mL. The results of the Mann Whitney test revealed a P-Value of 0.09 > 0.05, indicating no difference in post-vaccine SRBD antibody levels between females and males, but there were differences in SRBD antibody levels in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors with a P-Value of <, i.e. 0.00 < 0.05 There was no difference in post-vaccine SRBD antibody levels between females and males in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors, but there were differences in post-vaccine antibody levels between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors.
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References
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References
Barbosa Va, Gomes J, de Santana M, et al (2020). Covid-19 rapid test by combining a random forest-based web system and blood tests. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 6, 1–20.
Chen H, Zhang X, Liu W, et al (2021). The role of serum specific- SARS-CoV-2 antibody in COVID-19 patients. Int. Immunopharmacol. 91, 1–7.
Choi W, Cheong H (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination for people with comorbidities. Infect. Chemother. 53, 155–158.
Deshpande G, Kaduskar O, Deshpande K, et al (2021). Longitudinal clinico-serological analysis of anti-nucleocapsid and anti-receptor binding domain of spike protein antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 112, 103–110.
Dohla M, Boesecke C, Schulte B, et al (2020). Rapid point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a community screening setting shows low sensitivity. J. Public Health (Bangkok). 182, 170–172.
Han Y, Yang H (2020). The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19): A Chinese perspective. J. Med. Virol. 92, 639–642.
Hidayati D (2020). Profil penduduk terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19 dan meninggal: Kasus Indonesia dan DKI Jakarta. J. Kependud. Indones. 2020, 93–100.
Hoffman T, Nissen K, Krambrich J, et al (2020). Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test is an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol. 10, 2–4.
Hsueh P, Huang L, Chen P, et al (2004). Chronological evolution of IgM, IgA, IgG, and neutralization antibodies after infection with SARS-associated coronavirus. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 10, 1062–1066.
Irsan A, Mardhia M, Rialita A (2022). Konsistensi respon imun humoral (IgG) SARS-CoV-2 pasca vaksinasi SARS-CoV-2 pada tenaga kesehatan. Maj. Kedokt. Andalas 45, 118–125.
Jin Y, Cat L, Cheng Z, et al (2020). A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID"19) infected pneumonia (standard version). Mil. Med. Res. 71, 4–6.
Lee H, Lee B, Seok S, et al (2010). Production of specific antibodies against SARS"coronavirus nucleocapsid protein without cross-reactivity with human coronaviruses 229E and OC43. J. Vet. Sci. 11, 165–167.
Li Z, Yi Y, Luo X, et al (2020). Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis. J. Med. Virol. 92, 1518–1524.
Long Q, Liu B, Deng H, et al (2020). Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat. Med. 26, 845–848.
Ong S, Tan Y, Chia P, et al (2020). Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient. JAMA 322, 49–53.
Özdemir Ö (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Diagnosis and management. Erciyes Med. J. 42, 242–247.
Pang N, Pang A, Chow V, et al (2021). Understanding neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their implications in clinical practice. Mil. Med. Res. 8, 1–17.
Röltgen K, Boyd S (2021). Antibody and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cell Host Microbe 297, 63–75.
Rothan H, Byrareddy S (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak. J. Autoimmun. 109, 1–4.
Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al (2020). Transmission of COVID"19 infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 970–971.
Rotty I, Kristanto E, Sekeon S, et al (2022). Formation of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody after vaccination. e-Clinic 101, 16–22.
Susilo A, Rumende C, Pitoyo C, et al (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019: Review of current literatures. J. Penyakit Dalam Indones. 7, 45–47.
Takita M, Yoshida T, Tsuchida T, et al (2022). Low SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers may be associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients with severe COVID-19. Sci. Rep. 12, 1–11.
Tang Y, Schmitz J, Persing D, et al (2020). Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19: Current issues and challenges. J. Clin. Microbiol. 6, 12–20.
van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris D, et al (2020). Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 73, 132–138.
World Healh Organization (2022). Update case for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Reports 2022 Available from https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed May 15, 2022.
Xu X, Yu C, Qu J, et al (2020). Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 47, 7–16.