Main Article Content

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a complex problem, and its prevalence among school-age children has been found to have a greater impact on their physical well-being compared to their learning difficulties. In some cases, teachers or schools may not pay enough attention to issues that have the potential to affect or delay the psychomotor development of children. Therefore, this study aimed to provide enhanced comprehension regarding the effect of childhood obesity on psychomotor behavior. This study used a systematic review methodology to synthesize information regarding the effect of obesity on children's health and development. The information and data presented in this study were obtained from several scientific sources accessed through online libraries such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify scholarly publications, which resulted in a total of 815 papers published between 2013 and 2022. The selected papers exclusively consisted of original research articles that primarily focused on investigating the relationship between obesity in children aged 5–14 years and their psychomotor abilities and development outcomes. Following the screening process, five studies were found to meet the specified criteria. The findings of the selected studies revealed a substantial resemblance, specifically the correlation between childhood obesity and poor motor skills. Furthermore, the selected studies discovered that an increase in body fat is commonly associated with a rise in total body weight, or the relative body mass index (BMI), in both adults and children. Some studies demonstrated significant differences in the performance of diverse psychomotor variables according to children's BMI. According to the results of the studies, children with a higher BMI showed inferior performance in motor activities as a result of compromised body control and balance that inhibited the children's movement. This systematic review concludes that obesity has an effect on the psychomotor behavior of children.

Keywords

Obesity Psychomotor Children Movements

Article Details

How to Cite
Khalfani, M. A., Purwo Sri Rejeki, Sakina, & Nur Ezza Fazleen Mohd Fathil. (2023). The Effect of Childhood Obesity on Psychomotor Behavior. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 59(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v59i3.45280

References

  1. Agudo LAL-, Marcenaro-Gutierrez OD (2021). The relationship between overweight and academic performance, life satisfaction and school life. Food Policy 101, 102077. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102077.
  2. Awad AS, Aneis YM (2022). Correlation between body mass index and motor proficiency in Egyptian children: a cross-sectional study. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy 27, 26. doi: 10.1186/s43161-022-00087-7.
  3. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (2020). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Jakarta. Available at: https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/.
  4. Berleze A, Valentini NC (2022). Intervention for children with obesity and overweight and motor delays from low-income families: Fostering engagement, motor development, self-perceptions, and playtime. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, 2545. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052545.
  5. Black IE, Menzel NN, Bungum TJ (2015). The relationship among playground areas and physical activity levels in children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 29, 156–168. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc. 2014.10.001.
  6. Cataldo R, Huang J, Calixte R, et al (2016). Effects of overweight and obesity on motor and mental development in infants and toddlers. Pediatric Obesity 11, 389–396. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12077.
  7. Chagas DDV, Batista LA (2016). Associations between motor coordination and BMI in normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents. Journal of Human Growth and Development 26, 380. doi: 10.7322/jhgd.122914.
  8. Chahar PS (2014). Physical activity: A key for the preclusion of obesity in children. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2, 27–31. doi: 10.12691/ajssm-2-1-5.
  9. Cheng J, East P, Blanco E, et al (2016). Obesity leads to declines in motor skills across childhood. Child: Care, Health and Development 42, 343–350. doi: 10.1111/cch.12336.
  10. Favieri F, Chen E, Casagrande M (2021). Executive functions and body weight at different ages: A preliminary study. Nutrients 13, 1174. doi: 10.3390/nu13041174.
  11. Garcí­a E, Vázquez López M-Á, Galera Martí­nez R, et al (2013). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 2–16 years. Endocrinologí­a y Nutrición (English Edition) 60, 121–126. doi: 10.1016/j.endoen.2012 .09.001.
  12. Ghosh A (2014). Explaining overweight and obesity in children and adolescents of Asian Indian origin: the Calcutta childhood obesity study. Indian Journal of Public Health 58, 125. doi: 10.4103/0019-557X.132290.
  13. Gonzalez JM, Esteban"Cornejo I, Solis"Urra P, et al (2020). Fitness, physical activity, sedentary time, inhibitory control, and neuroelectric activity in children with overweight or obesity: The ActiveBrains project. Psychophysiology. doi: 10.1 111/psyp.13579.
  14. Han A, Fu A, Cobley S, et al (2018). Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental movement skills and motor coordination in overweight/obese children and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21, 89–102. doi: 10.1016/j.jsam s.2017.07.001.
  15. Ivey C, Crum J (2018). Choosing the right citation management tool: EndNote, Mendeley, RefWorks, or Zotero. Journal of the Medical Library Association. doi: 10.5195/jmla.2018.468.
  16. Kakebeeke TH, Lanzi S, Zysset AE, et al (2017). Association between body composition and motor performance in preschool children. Obesity Facts 10, 420–431. doi: 10.1159/000477406.
  17. Kanazawa S (2013). Childhood intelligence and adult obesity. Obesity 21, 434–440. doi: 10.1002/ oby.20018.
  18. Kliegman RM, III JWSG (2019). Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 21st edn. Elsevier.
  19. Madrona PG, Romero Martí­nez S, Sáez-Gallego N, et al (2019). Psychomotor limitations of overweight and obese five-year-old children: Influence of body mass indices on motor, perceptual, and social-emotional skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, 427. doi: 10.3390/ijerph160 30427.
  20. Marmeleira J, Veiga G, Cansado H, et al (2017). Relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in 6" to 10"year"old children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 53, 348–353. doi: 10.1111/jpc.13446.
  21. Martins JMC, Landeiro JC, Cardoso JN, et al (2022). The influence of obesity on the motor coordination in children between 6 and 9 years of age. Science & Sports 37, 564–571. doi: 10.1016/j. scispo.2022.01.006.
  22. Martins MIS, Aguiar Moraes Vitoriano N, Azevedo Martins C, et al (2021). Aspects of motor development and quality of life in the context of child obesity. Journal of Human Growth and Development 31, 58–65. doi: 10.36311/jhgd.v31.11071.
  23. Methley AM, Campbell S, Chew-Graham C, et al (2014). PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Services Research 14, 579. doi: 10.1186/s1 2913-014-0579-0.
  24. O'Malley GC, Shultz SP, Thivel D, et al (2021). Neuromusculoskeletal health in pediatric obesity: Incorporating evidence into clinical examination. Current Obesity Reports 10, 467–477. doi: 10.100 7/s13679-021-00463-9.
  25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJn71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71.
  26. Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury A, et al (2015). Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 4, 187. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.154628.
  27. Srinag L, Maruthy KN, Kareem SK, et al (2020). Impact of overweight on cognition and psychomotor skills among children with overweight. Obesity Medicine 18, 100191. doi: 10 .1016/j.obmed.2020.100191.
  28. Wang C, Chan JSY, Ren L, et al. (2016). Obesity reduces cognitive and motor functions across the lifespan. Neural Plasticity 2016, 1–13. doi: 10.115 5/2016/2473081.
  29. Zacks B, Confroy K, Frino S, et al (2021). Delayed motor skills associated with pediatric obesity. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 15, 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.10.003.