Main Article Content
Abstract
Highlights:
1. This is the first cross-sectional study in Indonesia that was conducted specifically to find a correlation between physical activity levels and food intake.
2. As lower physical activity was found to be associated with higher food intake, this study suggests that physical activity might be taken into consideration to manipulate one's food consumption
Abstract
One of the most crucial things a person can do to enhance the well-being of their body is to engage in regular physical activity. However, currently, there are still many people who have low physical activity levels. It is stated that habitual physical activity can affect the sensitivity of food intake regulation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the total food intake and physical activity of preclinical students. This study was conducted using the cross-sectional method among preclinical students (n=238) in the classes of 2017, 2018, and 2019 at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects with appetite-manipulating supplements, a diet program, a history of metabolic disease, a history of eating disorders, stress, or trauma were excluded from this study. The physical activity level was evaluated using the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ), while the total food intake was evaluated using the three-day food record method. The statistical test applied in this study was the Spearman test, with a significance of p<0.05. There were 22.3% of respondents with a low physical activity level, and there were 9.7% of respondents with a total food intake higher than recommended. The statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation between physical activity levels and total food intake (p=0.008). In conclusion, there is an association between students' physical activity levels and their total food intake.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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- Romieu I, Dossus L, Barquera S, et al (2017). Energy balance and obesity: what are the main drivers? Cancer Causes Control 28, 247–258. doi: 10.1007/s10552-017-0869-z.
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- Saimon R, Choo WY, Chang KH, et al (2015b). Physical activity among adolescents in an East Malaysian rural indigenous community. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 27, 33S-40S. doi: 10.1177/1010539515582220.
- Schubert MM, Sabapathy S, Leveritt M, et al (2014). Acute exercise and hormones related to appetite regulation: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 44, 387–403. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0120-3.
- Sheikh F, Manerkar K, Gokhale D (2016). The effect of psychosocial factors on eating behaviors among university students. Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health 3, 5–11. doi: 10.24321/2349.2880.
- Stanford FC, Durkin MW, Stallworth JR, et al (2013). Comparison of physical activity levels in physicians and medical students with the general adult population of the United States. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 41, 86–92. doi: 10.3810/psm.2013.11.2039.
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- Wattanapisit A, Gaensan T, Anothaisintawee T (2015). Prevalence of physical activity and associated factors of medium and high activity among medical students at Ramathibodi Hospital. In The 6th International Conference on Sport and Exercise Science. Thailand. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281366390_Prevalence_of_Physical_Activity_and_Associated_Factors_of_Medium_and_High_Activity_among_Medical_Students_at_Ramathibodi_Hospital.
References
Alkahtani SA, Byrne NM, Hills AP, et al (2014). Interval training intensity affects energy intake compensation in obese men. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, 595–604. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0032.
American Psychological Association (2013). Stress and eating. American Psychological Association. Available at: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2013/eating.
Batchelor DJ, German AJ (2019). Polyphagia. In BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology, pp. 46–8. British Small Animal Veterinary Association. Available at: https://www.bsavalibrary.com/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443361-3e.chap7.
Beaulieu K, Hopkins M, Blundell J, et al (2016). Does habitual physical activity increase the sensitivity of the appetite control system? A systematic review. Sports Medicine 46, 1897–1919. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0518-9.
Bergeron N, Al-Saiegh S, Ip EJ (2017). An analysis of California pharmacy and medical students' dietary and lifestyle practices. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 81, 5956. doi: 10.5688/ajpe5956.
Bird SR, Hawley JA (2017). Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2, e000143. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143.
Catenacci VA, Odgen L, Phelan S, et al (2014). Dietary habits and weight maintenance success in high versus low exercisers in the national weight control registry. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, 1540–1548. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2012-0250.
Cercato C, Fonseca FA (2019). Cardiovascular risk and obesity. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 11, 74. doi: 10.1186/s13098-019-0468-0.
Finlayson G (2017). Food addiction and obesity: unnecessary medicalization of hedonic overeating. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 13, 493–498. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.61.
Grimm ER, Steinle NI (2011). Genetics of eating behavior: established and emerging concepts. Nutrition Reviews 69, 52–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00361.x.
Hopkins M, Beaulieu K, Gibbons C, et al. (2000). The control of food intake in humans. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21513547.
Horner KM, Schubert MM, Desbrow B, et al (2015). Acute exercise and gastric emptying: A meta-analysis and implications for appetite control. Sports Medicine 45, 659–678. doi: 10.1007/s402 79-014-0285-4.
Johnson F, Wardle J (2014). Variety, palatability, and obesity. Advances in Nutrition 5, 851–859. doi: 10.3945/an.114.007120.
Leaf A, Antonio J (2017). The effects of overfeeding on body composition: The role of macronutrient composition - A narrative review. International Journal of Exercise Science10, 1275–1296. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov /articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC5786199.
Mardani M, Abbasnezhad A, Ebrahimzadeh F, et al (2020). Assessment of nutritional status and related factors of lactating women in the urban and rural areas of Southwestern Iran: A population-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Community based Nursing and Midwifery 8, 73–83. doi: 10.30476/IJCBNM.2019.73924.0.
Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Minist Heal Repub Indones. Available at: https://komnaspt.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Riset_Riskesdas-2013_ Balitbang-Kemenkes_2013.pdf.
Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2018). Hasil Utama Riskesdas. Minist Heal Repub Indones. Available at: https://kesmas. kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274. pdf.
Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2019). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 2 Tahun 2019 tentang angka kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan untuk masyarakat Indonesia. Available at: http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/PMK_No__28_Th_2019_ttg_Angka_Kecukupan_Gizi_Yang_Dianjurkan_Untuk_Masyarakat_Indonesia.pdf.
Morton GJ, Meek TH, Schwartz MW (2014). Neurobiology of food intake in health and disease. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 15, 367–378. doi: 10.1038/nrn3745.
Nacar M, Cetinkaya F, Baykan Z, et al (2015). Hazardous health behaviour among medical students: A study from Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 16, 7675–7681. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.17.7675.
Oyeyemi AL, Moss SJ, Monyeki MA, et al (2016). Measurement of physical activity in urban and rural South African adults: a comparison of two self-report methods. BMC Public Health 16, 1004. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3693-6.
Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Samuels T, et al (2014). Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among university students from 22 countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, 7425–7441. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110707425.
Poobalan A, Aucott L (2016). Obesity among young adults in developing countries: A systematic overview. Current Obesity Reports 5, 2–13. doi: 10.1007/s13679-016-0187-x.
Romieu I, Dossus L, Barquera S, et al (2017). Energy balance and obesity: what are the main drivers? Cancer Causes Control 28, 247–258. doi: 10.1007/s10552-017-0869-z.
Saimon R, Choo WY, Bulgiba A (2015a). "Feeling Unsafe.” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 27, NP2079–NP2092. doi: 10.1177/1010539513480229.
Saimon R, Choo WY, Chang KH, et al (2015b). Physical activity among adolescents in an East Malaysian rural indigenous community. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 27, 33S-40S. doi: 10.1177/1010539515582220.
Schubert MM, Sabapathy S, Leveritt M, et al (2014). Acute exercise and hormones related to appetite regulation: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 44, 387–403. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0120-3.
Sheikh F, Manerkar K, Gokhale D (2016). The effect of psychosocial factors on eating behaviors among university students. Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health 3, 5–11. doi: 10.24321/2349.2880.
Stanford FC, Durkin MW, Stallworth JR, et al (2013). Comparison of physical activity levels in physicians and medical students with the general adult population of the United States. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 41, 86–92. doi: 10.3810/psm.2013.11.2039.
Wattanapisit A, Fungthongcharoen K, Saengow U, et al. (2016). Physical activity among medical students in Southern Thailand: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open 6, e013479. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013479.
Wattanapisit A, Gaensan T, Anothaisintawee T (2015). Prevalence of physical activity and associated factors of medium and high activity among medical students at Ramathibodi Hospital. In The 6th International Conference on Sport and Exercise Science. Thailand. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281366390_Prevalence_of_Physical_Activity_and_Associated_Factors_of_Medium_and_High_Activity_among_Medical_Students_at_Ramathibodi_Hospital.