Chitosan mucoadhesive patch combination of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) peel extract decrease leukocyte cell in gingivitis animal model
Downloads
Background: Gingivitis, or inflammation of the gingiva, is characterized by increased leukocyte cells as a sign of an inflammatory response. A mucoadhesive patch made from chitosan combined with rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) peel extract can reduce inflammation in the gingiva. Chitosan has been proven to inhibit bacterial growth. Meanwhile, rambutan peel extract, as an active ingredient, acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacteria. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of administering rambutan (N. lappaceum L.) peel extract in chitosan mucoadhesive patches made from blood clam shell waste as a treatment for gingivitis on the total leukocyte cell count in white rats. Methods: This research used a true-experimental, post-test-only randomized control group design study, an in vivo study. Wistar rat (Rattus novergicus) gingiva was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) for two days and then treated with a mucoadhesive patch for six consecutive days. Histological preparations were made with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining using a light microscope to observe the total number of leukocyte cells in Wistar rat (R. novergicus) gingival tissue. Results: Based on the outcomes of this study, the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test obtained the total number of leukocyte cells, showing a significant decrease (p < 0.05) at the active ingredient concentrations of 10% and 15% rambutan (N. Lappaceum L.) peel extract in chitosan mucoadhesive patches against the positive control group. Conclusion: Rambutan (N. lappaceum L.) peel extract in chitosan mucoadhesive patches was able to reduce total leukocyte cell count in gingivitis of Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus).
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2019.
Nugraha AP, Triyono EA, Prahasanti C, Sufiawati I, Prasetyo RA, Ernawati DS. The correlation of pathognomonic periodontal manifestation with CD4+ level in people live with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a tertiary hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Journal of International Oral Health. 2019 May 1;11(3):137-140.
Ramadhani NF, Nugraha AP, Putra Gofur NR, Permatasari RI, Ridwan RD. Increased levels of malondialdehyde and cathepsin C by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Saliva as aggressive periodontitis biomarkers: A review. Biochemical and Cellular Archives. 2020;20:2895-2901.
Nugraha AP, Sibero MT, Nugraha AP, Puspitaningrum MS, Rizqianti Y, Rahmadhani D et al. Anti-Periodontopathogenic Ability of Mangrove Leaves (Aegiceras corniculatum) Ethanol Extract: In silico and in vitro study. European Journal of Dentistry. 2023 Feb 23;17(1):46-56.
KrismarionoA, Setiawatie EM, Rachmawati RY, SetiawanYA, Padmarini HN,Apriliyanti NA.AntibacterialActivity of Water Hyacinth(EichhorniaCrassipes)LeafExtractAgainstBacterial Plaque from Gingivitis Patients. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2022;15(3):966-971.
Pasaribu FM, Setyaningtyas A, Andarsini MR. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume as a predictor of sepsis mortality in children at dr. Soetomo general hospital. Critical Care and Shock. 2021;24(2):65-71.
Saputra G, Nugraha AP, Budhy TI, Rosari FS, Lestari NAI, Sari AA et al. Nanohydroxyapatite-Chitosan Hydrogel Scaffold with Platelet Rich Fibrin and Buccal Fat Pad derived Stem Cell for Aggressive Periodontitis Treatment:
A Narrative Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022 Dec;15(12):5903-5908.
Sreenivasan PK, Prasad KVV. Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on clinical parameters of gingivitis, dental plaque and oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2020;19(July 2019):100473.
Putri TS, Pratiwi D, Margaretta DL, Tjandrawinata R, Shariff KA. Degradation of chitosan–gelatin and chitosan– gelatin–βtricalcium phosphate scaffolds. Dental Journal. 2024;57(2):87-90.
Ma’ruf A, Hartati S. Production and Characterization of Nano-Chitosan from Blood Clamshell (Anadara granosa) by Ionic Gelation. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 2022 Dec;21(4):1761-1766.
Aljuanid MA, Qaid HR, Lashari DM, Ridwan RD, Budi HS, Alkadasi BA et al. Nano-emulsion of mangosteen rind extract in a mucoadhesive patch for periodontitis regenerative treatment: An in vivo study. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2022 Oct;17(5):910-920.
Rissa Laila Vifta, Komang Ana Pratiwi, Reni Citra Agustina. Pemanfaatan kulit buah rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) sebagai agen kosmetik tabir surya. Media Inf Penelit Kabupaten Semarang. 2020;3(2):181–90.
Afzaal M, Saeed F, Bibi M, Ejaz A, Shah YA, Faisal Z, et al. Nutritional, pharmaceutical, and functional aspects of rambutan in industrial perspective: An updated review. Food Sci Nutr. 2023;11(7):3675–85.
Lashari DM, Aljunaid MA, Ridwan RD, Diyatri I, Lashari Y, Qaid H, et al. The ability of mucoadhesive gingival patch loaded with EGCG on IL-6 and IL-10 expression in periodontitis. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res. 2022;12(5): 679–82.
Zheng, W., Hao, Y., Wang, D., Huang, H., Guo, F., Sun, Z., Shen, P., Sui, K., Yuan, C. and Zhou, Q. Preparation of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded chitosan/fucoidan hydrogel and its potential application as an oral mucosa patch. Carbohydr Polym. 2021;272:p.118493.
Li, Y., Li, Z., Hou, H., Zhuang, Y., & Sun, L. (2018). Metal chelating, inhibitory DNA damage, and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolics from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peel and the quantifications of geraniin and corilagin. Molecules, 23(9), 2263.
Vitkov L, Muñoz LE, Schoen J, Knopf J, Schauer C, Minnich B, Herrmann M, Hannig M. Neutrophils Orchestrate the Periodontal Pocket. Front Immunol. 2021 24;12:788766.
Rattanaprukskul K, Xia XJ, Jiang M, Albuquerque-Souza E, Bandyopadhyay D, Sahingur SE. Molecular Signatures of Senescence in Periodontitis: Clinical Insights. J Dent Res. 2024 Jul;103(8):800-808.
Neurath N, Kesting M. Cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 26;15:1435054.
Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn
T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Mar 9;10(3):414.
Nurrohman E, Pantiwati Y, Susetyarini E, Umami EK. Extract of Beluntas (Pluchea indica) as an Antibacterial Towards Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Causes of Dental Carries. BIO-EDU J Pendidik Biol. 2021;6(1):9–17.
Sarmira M, Purwanti S, Yuliati FN. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun oregano terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Stapylococcus aureus sebagai alternatif feed additive unggas. J Ilmu Ternak Univ Padjadjaran. 2021;21(1):40.
Copyright (c) 2025 Trining Widodorini , Maheswari Nestivia Safitri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Lisence, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Copyright notice:
IJDM by UNAIR is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.
- The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
- The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
