Mild Cognitive Impairment Associated with Pesticides use Among Vegetable Farmers and Their Wives in Sukorambi Village Jember Regency
Downloads
Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), according to several studies, has been discovered to be related to exposure to pesticides. Sukorambi Village is the largest vegetable producer village in Jember Regency and pesticides are used in the vegetable cultivation process. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the age of vegetable farmers and the frequency of pesticide spraying with the incidence of MCI and to analyze differences in the incidence of MCI in farmers and their wives. Methods: This research is an analytical research with a cross-sectional design which was carried out in Sukorambi Village, from June to December 2022. The samples of this research are 142 people, obtained from a proportional stratified random sampling technique and represented groups of farmers in each hamlet. In this case, the research variables include age, frequency of pesticide spraying, as well as the incidence of MCI in vegetable farmers and their wives. Data were further collected through direct interviews, which were then analyzed through bivariate analysis using Spearman and paired t tests. Results: The results showed that the majority of vegetable farmers were above 55 years old and most of them sprayed pesticides for 3-4 and 5-6 times a month. Most farmers and their wives experience MCI. Conclusion: The farmer's age and the frequency of spraying pesticides are related to the incidence of MCI in farmers. There is a significant difference between the incidence of MCI in vegetable farmers and their wives, where MCI is more experienced by vegetable farmer wives.
Abdollahzadeh, G. and Sharifzadeh, M.S. (2021) ‘Predicting Farmers’ Intention to use PPE for Prevent Pesticide Adverse Effects: An Examination of the Health Belief Model (HBM)’, Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 20(1), pp. 40–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2020.11.001.
Afif, A. and Kusmiati, A. (2020) ‘Hubungan Tingkat Motivasi dengan Pendapatan Usahatani Petani Sawi (Brassica Juncea) Menggunakan Benih Nonsertifikat di Desa Sukorambi Kecamatan Sukorambi Kabupaten Jember’, Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 4(3), pp. 667–678. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2020.004.03.21.
Aloizou, A.-M. et al. (2020) ‘Pesticides, Cognitive Functions and Dementia: A Review’, Toxicology Letters, 326, pp. 31–51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.005.
Andersson, E. and Isgren, E. (2021) ‘Gambling in the Garden: Pesticide use and Risk Exposure in Ugandan Smallholder Farming’, Journal of Rural Studies, 82, pp. 76–86. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.013.
A’yunin, N.Q., Achdiyat, A. and Saridewi, T.R. (2020) ‘Preferensi Anggota Kelompok Tani Terhadap Penerapan Prinsip Enam Tepat (6t) Dalam Aplikasi Pestisida’, Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1(3), pp. 253–264. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v1i3.73.
Beseler, C. et al. (2006) ‘Depression and Pesticide Exposures in Female Spouses of Licensed Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort’:, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48(10), pp. 1005–1013. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000235938.70212.dd.
Boedeker, W. et al. (2020) ‘The Global Distribution of Acute Unintentional Pesticide Poisoning: Estimations based on a Systematic Review’, BMC Public Health, 20(1), p. 1875. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09939-0.
Boonupara, T. et al. (2023) ‘Airborne Pesticides from Agricultural Practices: A Critical Review of Pathways, Influencing Factors, and Human Health Implications’, Toxics, 11(10), p. 858. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100858.
Castro, A. et al. (2022) ‘The Aging Process: A Metabolomics Perspective’, Molecules, 27(24), p. 8656. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248656.
Choi, J., Moon, S.-I. and Roh, S. (2020) ‘Assessment of Relationship between Farmer’s Syndrome and Neurotoxic Symptoms in Farming Couples’, Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology, 35(3), p. e2020015. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2020015.
Comfort, N. and Re, D.B. (2017) ‘Sex-Specific Neurotoxic Effects of Organophosphate Pesticides Across the Life Course’, Current Environmental Health Reports, 4(4), pp. 392–404. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-017-0171-y.
Damalas, C. and Koutroubas, S. (2016) ‘Farmers’ Exposure to Pesticides: Toxicity Types and Ways of Prevention’, Toxics, 4(1), p. 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4010001.
Dewi, N.L.P.R., Utama, M.S. and Yuliarmi, N.N. (2017) ‘Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Usaha Tani Dan Keberhasilan Program Simantri Di Kabupaten Klungkung’, E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 6(2), pp. 701–728.
Dharmawan, Y. et al. (2018) Pos Upaya Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (Pos UKK) Manajemen dan Penerapannya di UKM Logam Kuningan. Semarang: FKM Undip Press. Available at: http://eprints.undip.ac.id/79169/1/buku_pos_ukk.pdf.
Dinas Pertanian Tulang Bawang (2019) Bijak Gunakan Pestisida Dengan Konsep PHT, Government. Available at: https://distani.tulangbawangkab.go.id/news/read/4499/bijak-gunakan-pestisida-dengan-konsep-pht.
Fajriani, G.N., Aeni, S.R.N. and Sriwiguna, D.A. (2019) ‘Penggunaan Apd Saat Penyemprotan Pestisida Dan Kadar Kolinesterase Dalam Darah Petani Desa Pasirhalang’, Jurnal Media Analis Kesehatan, 10(2), p. 163. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32382/mak.v10i2.1229.
Firdaus, Z. S., Nur, I.M. and Purnomo (2021) ‘Hubungan Gangguan Neurobehavior dengan Paparan Pestisida pada Pekerja Perkebunan Teh PT X Kabupaten Cianjur’, Jurnal Riset Kedokteran, 1(1), pp. 38–45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29313/jrk.v1i1.315.
Halisa, S.N., Ningrum, P.T. and Moelyaningrum, A.D. (2022) ‘Analisis Pajanan Organofosfat Terhadap Kadar Kolinesterase Pada Petani Sayuran Kubis di Desa Tanjung Rejo Kabupaten Jember’, Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 21(2), pp. 144–151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.2.144-151.
Hardi, H., Ikhtiar, M. and Baharuddin, A. (2020) ‘Hubungan Pemakaian Pestisida Terhadap Kadar Cholinesterase Darah pada Petani Sayur Jenetallasa-Rumbia’, IKESMA, 16(1), p. 53. Available at: https://doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v16i1.16999.
Hermawan, I., Widjasena, B. and Kurniawan, B. (2018) ‘Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Aktivitas Kolinesterase Darah Pada Petani Jambu Di Desa Pesaren Kecamatan Sukorejo Kabupaten Kendal’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6.
Howes, M.R. et al. (2020) ‘Role of Phytochemicals as Nutraceuticals for Cognitive Functions Affected in Ageing’, British Journal of Pharmacology, 177(6), pp. 1294–1315. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14898.
Indrayani, R. et al. (2020) ‘Kejadian Mild Cognitive Impairement pada Petani Tembakau Pengguna Pestisida di Kabupaten Jember’, Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(1), p. 76. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i1.9042.
Joko, T., Dewanti, N.A.Y. and Dangiran, H.L. (2020) ‘Pesticide Poisoning and the Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Indonesian Farmers’, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2020, pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5379619.
Jongsiriyanyong, S. and Limpawattana, P. (2018) ‘Mild Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice: A Review Article’, American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementiasr, 33(8), pp. 500–507. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317518791401.
Kruger, G.R. (2019) ‘Spray Drift of Pesticides’, Nebraska Extension, pp. 1–6.
Kurniawidjaja, L.M. et al. (2021) Konsep Dasar Toksikologi Industri. 1st edn. Jakarta, Indonesia: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia.
Lamptey, R.N.L. et al. (2022) ‘A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), p. 1851. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031851.
Lari, S. et al. (2023) ‘The impact of the use of Personal-Protective-Equipment on the Minimization of Effects of Exposure to pesticides among farm-workers in India’, Frontiers in Public Health, 11, p. 1075448. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1075448.
Mahyuni, E.L. et al. (2021) ‘Pesticide Toxicity Prevention in Farmer’s Community Movement’, Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(E), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5565.
Marisa, M. and Pratuna, N.D. (2018) ‘Analisa Kadar Cholinesterase Dalam Darah Dan Keluhan Kesehatan Pada Petani Kentang Kilometer Xi Kota Sungai Penuh’, Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis (Perintis’s Health Journal), 5(1), pp. 122–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33653/jkp.v5i1.154.
Markantonis, M. et al. (2018) ‘Assessment of Occupational and Dietary Exposure to Pesticide Residues’, EFSA Journal, 16(EU‐FORA: Series 1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.e16087.
Martin-Reina, J. et al. (2021) ‘Adverse Health Effects in Women Farmers Indirectly Exposed to Pesticides’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), p. 5909. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115909.
Mayasari, D. (2017) ‘Gambaran Perilaku Kerja Aman pada Petani Hortikultura Pengguna Pestisida Di Desa Gisting Atas sebagai Faktor Risiko Intoksikasi Pestisida’, Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Lampung, 1(3), 530–535
Nuramadani, U. and Susanti, P. (2022) ‘Upaya Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Tanaman Bayam Yang Tumbuh Sekitar Perkarangan Di Kelurahan Padang Jati’, Journal Of Community Services, 3(1), Pp. 16–23. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.33369/tribute.3.1.16-23.
Nurfadia, M.F. et al. (2021) ‘Korelasi Skor Mini Mental State Examination (Mmse) Dan Montreal Cognitive Assessment Versi Indonesia (Moca-Ina) Sebagai Instrumen Evaluasi Fungsi Kognitif’. Jurnal Kedokteran,10(1), pp. 371-378.
Nurika, G. et al. (2022) ‘Management Of Pesticide Contamination In The Environment And Agricultural Products: A Literature Review’, Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 14(4), pp. 265–281. Available at: https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i4.2022.265-281.
Okoffo, E.D., Mensah, M. and Fosu-Mensah, B.Y. (2016) ‘Pesticides Exposure and the use of Personal Protective Equipment by Cocoa Farmers in Ghana’, Environmental Systems Research, 5(1), p. 17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-016-0068-z.
Oktaviani, R. and Pawenang, E.T. (2020) ‘Risiko Gejala Keracunan Pestisida pada Petani Greenhouse’. HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 4(2), pp. 178-188.
Panentu, D. and Irfan, M. (2013) ‘Uji Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Butir Pemeriksaan Dengan Montreal Cognitive Assesment Versi Indonesia (Moca- Ina) Pada Insan Pasca Stroke Fase Recovery’, Jurnal Fisioterapi, 13(1), pp. 55–67.
Pawestri, I.N. and Sulistyaningsih, E. (2021) ‘Neurobehavioral Performance of Indonesian Farmers and its Association with Pesticide Exposure: A Cross-sectional Study’, Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 11, p. 100754. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100754.
Perwitasari, D.A. et al. (2017) ‘Impact of Organophosphate Exposure on Farmers’ Health in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta: Perspectives of Physical, Emotional and Social Health’, SAGE Open Medicine, 5, p. 205031211771909. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312117719092.
Pratama, D.A., Setiani, O. and Darundiati, Y.H. (2021) ‘Studi Literatur : Pengaruh Paparan Pestisida Terhadap Gangguan Kesehatan Petani’, Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, 13(1), pp. 160–171. Available at: https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v13i1.1840.
Prijanto, T.B. (2009) ‘Analisis Faktor Risiko Keracunan Pestisida Organofosfat Pada Keluarga Petani Hortikultura di Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang’, Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 8(2), pp. 73–78.
Ramli, R. and Masyita Nurul Fadhillah (2022) ‘Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia’, Window of Nursing Journal, pp. 23–32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33096/won.v1i1.246.
Riyaz, M., Ahmad Shah, R. and Sivasankaran, K. (2022) ‘Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment’, in K. Ferreira Mendes, R. Nogueira De Sousa, and K. Cabral Mielke (eds) Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants. IntechOpen.
Sari, D.P. (2020) Hubungan Antara Paparan Pestisida Dengan Kejadian Mild Cognitive Impairement (MCI) Pada Petani Di Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang. Semarang: Faculty of Health Science Universitas Ngudi Waluyo.
Sharma, A. et al. (2019) ‘Worldwide Pesticide usage and its Impacts on Ecosystem’, SN Applied Sciences, 1(11), p. 1446. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1.
Silva, M.I.G.D. et al. (2019) ‘Environmental/Occupational Exposure to Pesticides of Pregnant Women Living in a Countryside Municipality’, Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 11(5), pp. 1319–1325. Available at: https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2019.v11i5.1319-1325.
Sule, R.O., Condon, L. and Gomes, A.V. (2022) ‘A Common Feature of Pesticides: Oxidative Stress—The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pesticide-Induced Toxicity’, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Edited by X. Zhou, 2022, pp. 1–31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5563759.
Tyrell, K., Willis, S. and Guadagnini, R. (2020) Acute Pesticide Poisoning among Smallholder Farmers and Farmworkers. UK: Pesticide Action Network UK.
University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (2019) Pesticides: Safe and Effective Use in the Home and Landscape, UC IPM. Available at: https://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74126.html.
Voorhees, J.R. et al. (2019) ‘Occupational-like Organophosphate Exposure Disrupts Microglia and Accelerates Deficits in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease’, npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, 5(1), p. 3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-018-0033-3.
Vutrianingsih, N.E., Zulfa, I. and Mukono, J. (2020) ‘Risk Factors Related To Carbamate And Organophosphate Pesticide Poisoning In Rice Farmers In Masangan Kulon Village, Sidoarjo District’, The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 15(2), pp. 190–200. Available at: https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.vl15il.2020.
Wahyuni, A. and Nisa, K. (2016) ‘Pengaruh Aktivitas dan Latihan Fisik terhadap Fungsi Kognitif pada Penderita Demensia’, MAJORITY, 5(4), pp. 12–16.
Wang, H. et al. (2022) ‘Prenatal Exposure of Organophosphate Esters and Its Trimester-Specific and Gender-Specific Effects on Fetal Growth’, Environmental Science & Technology, 56(23), pp. 17018–17028. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c03732.
Werder, E.J. et al. (2020) ‘Herbicide, Fumigant, and Fungicide use and Breast Cancer Risk among Farmers’ Wives’, Environmental Epidemiology, 4(3), p. e097. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000097.
Wicaksono, A.B., Widiyanto, T. and Subagio, A. (2017) ‘Faktor internal kadar kolinesterase’.Buletin Keslingmas (Buletin Kesehatan Lingkungan Masyarakat), 36(3), pp. 194-202.
Wicaksono, A.B., Widiyanto, T. and Subagiyo, A. (2018) ‘Faktor Internal Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kadar Enzim Cholinesterase Pada Darah Petani Kentang Di Gapoktan Al-Farruq Desa Patak Banteng Kecamatan Kejajar Kabupaten Wonosobo Tahun 2016’, Buletin Keslingmas, 36(3), pp. 194–202. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v36i3.2985.
Wildan, A., Santoso, T.H. and Kusuma, S.H. (2018) ‘Kontribusi Usahatani Kangkung (Ipomoea Reptana) Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Di Desa Sukorambi Kecamatan Sukorambi Kabupaten Jember’, Agribest, 02(02)., pp. 80-86.Kecamatan Sukorejo Kabupaten Kendal. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 6(4), 309–320.
Indrayani, et.al. (2020). Kejadian Mild Cognitive Impairement pada Petani Tembakau Pengguna Pestisida di Kabupaten Jember. Media Kesehatan Masyrakat Indonesia, 16(1), 15–25. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/487
Kruger, G. R. et al. (2019) ‘Spray Drift of Pesticides', (September), pp. 1–6.
Mahmudah, et.al (2012). Kejadian Keracunan Pestisida Pada Istri Petani Bawang Merah di Desa Kedunguter Kecamatan Brebes Kabupaten Brebes. Media Kesehatan Masyrakat Indonesia, 11(1).
Mahyuni, E. L. (2015). Faktor Risiko Dalam Penggunaan Pestisida Pada Petani Di Berastagi Kabupaten Karo 2014. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Health), 9(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.12928/kesmas.v9i1.1554
Mayasari, D. (2017). Gambaran Perilaku Kerja Aman pada Petani Hortikultura Pengguna Pestisida Di Desa Gisting Atas sebagai Faktor Risiko Intoksikasi Pestisida. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Lampung, 1(3), 530–535.
Markantonis, M. et al. (2018) ‘Assessment of occupational and dietary exposure to pesticide residues', EFSA Journal, 16(S1), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.2903/J.EFSA.2018.E16087.
Nurfadia, dkk. (2021). KORELASI SKOR MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION ( MMSE ) DAN MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT VERSI INDONESIA ( MoCA-Ina ) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN EVALUASI FUNGSI KOGNITIF. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Lampung, 10(1), 371–378.
Nurika, G., Indrayani, R., Syamila, A.I., Adi, D.I. (2022) Management of Pesticide Contamination in the Environment and Agricultureal Product: A Literature Review. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 14(4), 265-281.
Oktaviani, R., Pawenang, E. T., & Artikel, I. (2020). Risiko Gejala Keracunan Pestisida pada Petani Greenhouse. Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 4(2), 178–188.
Pamungkas, O. S. (2016). Bahaya Paparan Pestisida terhadap Kesehatan Manusia. Bioedukasi, XIV(1), 27–31. https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/BIOED/article/download/4532/3355
Pitaloka, D. (2017). Hortikultura: Potensi, Pengembangan Dan Tantangan. Jurnal Teknologi Terapan: G-Tech, 1(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.33379/gtech.v1i1.260
Pratama. (2021). Studi Literature: Pengaruh Paparan Pestisida Terhadap Gangguan Kesehatan Petani. 13(1), 160–171.
Pratuna, M. &. (2018). Analisa Kadar Cholinesterase dalam Darah dan Keluhan Kesehatan pada Petani Kentang Kilometer XI Kota Sungai Penuh. Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis ( Perintis ' s Health Journal ) Volume 5 Nomor 1 Tahun 2018 P-ISSN"¯: 2355-9853 Pestisida secara pembunuh hama , berasal sida . Pest meliputi se. 5, 122–128.
Prijanto. (2009). Analisis Faktor Risiko Keracunan Pestisida Organofosfat Pada Keluarga Petani Hortikultura di Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 8(2), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.8.2.76-81
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. (2019). Statistik Ketenagakerjaan Sektor Pertanian 2020. Pusat Data Dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian, 68(1), 122.
Ramli, R., & Fadhillah, M. N. (2020). Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Fungsi Kognitif pada Lansia. Window of Nursing Journal, 01(01), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.33096/won.v1i1.21
Rilianto, B. (2015). Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Transisi dari Penuaaan Normal Menjadi Alzheimer. Cme, 42(5), 341–344. http://www.kalbemed.com/Portals/6/08_228CME-Mild Cognitive Impairment-Transisi dari Penuaan Normal Menjadi Alzheimer.pdf.
Riyaz, M., Ahmad Shah, R. and Sivasankaran, K. (2021) ‘Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment', Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants, (June). doi: 10.5772/intechopen.98379.
Sari, D. P. (2020). Hubungan Antara Paparan Pestisida dengan Kejadian Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) pada Petani di Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang. 3(2019), 1–16. http://repositorio.unan.edu.ni/2986/1/5624.pdf
Sharma, et.al. (2019). Worldwide Pesticide Usage and it's Impacts on Ecosystem. SN Applied Sciences, 1(11), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1
Wicaksono, et.al. (2018). Faktor Internal Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kadar Enzim Cholinesterase Pada Darah Petani Kentang Di Gapoktan Al-Farruq Desa Patak Banteng Kecamatan Kejajar Kabupaten Wonosobo Tahun 2016. Buletin Keslingmas, 36(3), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v36i3.2985
Wildan, A., Santoso, T. H., & Kusuma, S. H. (2018). Kontribusi Usahatani Kangkung (Ipomoea Reptana) Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Di Desa Sukorambi Kecamatan Sukorambi Kabupaten Jember The Contribution of Kale ( Ipomoea Reptans ) to Household Income in Sukorambi Village Sub-Districy of Sukorambi , Distr. Agribest, 02(02), 80–86.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In order to be accepted and published by The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Author(s) who submit an article should complete all the review process. The copyright of received articles assigned to the The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health and Department of Safety and Health, Universitas Airlangga as publishers of the journal. The intended copyright includes the rights to publish articles in various forms (including reprints).
The Editorial Team of The Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health and Department of Safety and Health strive to ensure that no errors occur in the articles that have been published, both data errors and statements in the article.
Users of this website will be licensed to use materials from this website following the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. No fees charged. Please use the materials accordingly.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
How to Submit Articles in OJS
