THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL FACTORS ON JOB SATISFACTION IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
Background: Job dissatisfaction in healthcare facilities can increase medical errors. In order to reduce the medical errors, hospitals must focus on employee job satisfaction. In this case, both stress and burnout can lower job satisfaction.
Aims: This research was conducted to analyze the internal factors that affect the level of job satisfaction of employees in health facilities.
Methods: The method applied is the PRISMA framework, which consists of five stages, namely eligibility criteria, information sources, study selection, data collection process, and data items.
Results: Systematic review was done on 34 quantitative studies about the factors that influence job satisfaction. Based on the review, the internal factors known are demographic and personal factors. In this case, demographic factors mostly do not affect employee job satisfaction, one of which is salary. Meanwhile, the most researched personal factor and the biggest influence is burnout.
Conclusion: Based on the systematic review, it is known that the internal factors affecting employees’ job satisfaction include demographic and personal factors. The demographic factor that has a significant effect is salary, while the most researched individual factor is burnout. Working in the health sector requires caution so as not to cause medical errors. Health workers who experience burnout are at risk of causing medical errors. For that we need a strategy to overcome burnout so as to increase job satisfaction.
Keywords: burnout, healthcare, internal factor, job satisfaction, PRISMA
Abdulloev, I. (2018) “Job dissatisfaction and migration: evidence from Tajikistan,” IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 8(1). doi: 10.1186/s40176-018-0132-8
Akuffo, K. O., Agyei-Manu, E., Kumah, D. B., Danso-Appiah, A., Mohammed, A. S., Asare, A. K. andAddo, E. K. (2021) “Job satisfaction and its associated factors among optometrists in Ghana: a cross-sectional study,” Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19(1), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01650-3
Al-Haroon, H. I. and Al-Qahtani, M. F. (2020) “Assessment of Organizational Commitment Among Nurses in a Major Public Hospital in Saudi Arabia,” Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, pp. 607–608. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S268191
Alexandrova-Karamanova, A., Todorova, I., Montgomery, A., Panagopoulou, E., Costa, P., Baban, A., Davas, A., Milosevic, M. and Mijakoski, D. (2016) “Burnout and health behaviors in health professionals from seven European countries,” International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 89(7), pp. 1059–1075. doi: 10.1007/s00420-016-1143-5
Aloisio, L. D., Gifford, W. A., McGilton, K. S., Lalonde, M., Estabrooks, C. A., and Squires, J. E. (2018) “Individual and organizational predictors of allied healthcare providers’ job satisfaction in residential long-term care,” BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), pp. 1–18. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3307-3
Aloisio, L. D., Baumbusch, J., Estabrooks, C. A., Bostrom, A. M., Chamberlain, S., Cummings, G. G., Thompson, G. and Squires, J. E. (2019) “Factors affecting job satisfaction in long-term care unit managers, directors of care and facility administrators: A secondary analysis,” Journal of Nursing Management, 27(8), pp. 1764–1772. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12871
Aloisio, L. D., Coughlin, M. and Squires, J. E. (2021) “International Journal of Nursing Studies Individual and organizational factors of nurses ’ job satisfaction in long-term care : A systematic review,” International Journal of Nursing Studies, 123, p. 104073. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104073
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N. and Brommels, M. (2020) “The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals,” Heliyon, 6(9), p. e04829. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Alrawashdeh, H. M., Al-Tammemi, A. B., Alzawahreh, M. K., Al-Tamimi, A., Elkholy, M., Al Sarireh, F., Abusamak, M., Elehamer, N. M. K., Malkawi, A., Al-Dolat, W., Abu-Ismail, L., Al-Far, A.and Ghoul, I (2021) “Occupational burnout and job satisfaction among physicians in times of COVID-19 crisis: a convergent parallel mixed-method study,” BMC Public Health, 21(1), p. 811. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10897-4
Arkwright, L., Edgar, S. and Debenham, J. (2018) “Exploring the job satisfaction and career progression of musculoskeletal physiotherapists working in private practice in Western Australia,” Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 35(November 2017), pp. 67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2018.03.004.
Ayalew, E., Kibwana, S., Shawula, S., Misganaw, E., Abosse, Z., van Roosmalen, J., Stekelenburg, J., Kim, Y.Mi; Teshome, M. and Mariam, D.W (2021) “Intrinsic motivation factors associated with job satisfaction of nurses in three selected public hospitals in Amhara regional state, 2018,” International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 15, p. 100340. doi: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100340
Chamberlain, D. , Williams, A., Stanley, D., Mellor, P., Cross, W. and Siegloff, L. (2016) “Dispositional mindfulness and employment status as predictors of resilience in third year nursing students: a quantitative study,” Nursing Open, 3(4), pp. 212–221. doi: 10.1002/nop2.56
Deng, S. , Yang, N., Li, S., Wang, W., Yan, H. and Li, H. (2018) “Doctors’ job satisfaction and its relationships with doctor-patient relationship and work-family conflict in china: A structural equation modeling,” Inquiry (United States), 55(115). doi: 10.1177/0046958018790831
Elsahoryi, N. A., Alathamneh, A. Mahmound, I. and Hammad, F. (2022) “Association of salary and intention to stay with the job satisfaction of the dietitians in Jordan: A cross-sectional study,” Health Policy OPEN, 3(July 2021), p. 100058. doi: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100058
Faramarzpour, M., Farokhzadian, J.,Tirgari, B., Mangolian Shahrbabaki, P.,Borhani, F. and Rafati, F. (2021) “Nurses’ perceptions of hospital ethical climate and their job satisfaction,” Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 18. doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100664
Gustafsson, M. , Mattsson, S., Wallman, A. and Gallego, G. (2018) “Pharmacists’ satisfaction with their work: Analysis of an alumni survey,” Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(7), pp. 700–704. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.08.006
Halcomb, E. , Bird, S., Mcinnes, S., Ashley, C. and Huckel, K. (2021) “Exploring job satisfaction and turnover intentions among general practice nurses in an Australian Primary Health Network,” Journal of Nursing Management, 29(5), pp. 943–952. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13230
Hwang, Y., Lee, Y. and Shin, D. H. (2016) “The role of goal awareness and information technology self-efficacy on job satisfaction of healthcare system users,” Behaviour and Information Technology, 35(7), pp. 548–558. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2016.1171396
Iqbal, S., Guohao, L., & Akhtar, S. (2017). Effects of job organizational culture, benefits, salary on job satisfaction ultimately affecting employee retention. Review of Public Administration and Management, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.4172/2315-7844.1000229
Kagan, I., Hendel, T. and Savitsky, B. (2021) “Personal initiative and work environment as predictors of job satisfaction among nurses: cross-sectional study,” BMC Nursing, 20(1), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12912-021-00615-1
Karanikola, M. N. K. , Zartaloudi, A., Nystazaki, M., Zavrou, R. and Papathanassoglou, E. D. E. (2020) “Is there any association among depressive symptoms, job satisfaction and self-assessed empathy? A correlational study in Greek Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurses,” Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(4), pp. 230–236. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.04.006
Kaur, S. and Malodia, L. (2017) “Influence of Emotional Labour on Job Satisfaction among Employees of Private Hospitals: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach,” Journal of Health Management, 19(3), pp. 456–473. doi: 10.1177/0972063417717899
Khalafallah, A. M., Lam, S., Gami, A., Dornbos, D. L., 3rd, Sivakumar, W., Johnson, J. N. and Mukherjee, D. (2020) “Burnout and career satisfaction among attending neurosurgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 198(July), p. 106193. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106193
Khalili, A. (2018) “Creativity and innovation through LMX and personal initiative," Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31 (2), pp.323-333.
Klimo, P. Jr., DeCuypere, M., Ragel, B. T., McCartney, S., Couldwell, W. T. and Boop, F.A. (2013) “Career satisfaction and burnout among U.S. neurosurgeons: A feasibility and pilot study,” World Neurosurgery, 80(5), e59–e68. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.09.009
Lee, M. and Jang, K. S. (2020) “Nurses’ emotions, emotional labor, and job satisfaction,” International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 13(1), pp. 16–31. doi: 10.1108/IJWHM-01-2019-0012
Li, W. W. and Xie, G. (2020) “Personality and job satisfaction among Chinese health practitioners: The mediating role of professional quality of life,” Health Psychology Open, 7(2). doi: 10.1177/2055102920965053
Majima, T., Yamamoto, T., Sakai, I., Ikezaki, S. and Nagasaka, I. (2019) “Job satisfaction and related factors of nurses in university hospitals: Focusing on collaborative competency factors,” Journal of Nursing Management, 27(7), pp. 1409–1415. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12822
Manan, M.M., Azmi, Y., Lim, Z., Neoh, C.F., Khan, T.M. and Ming, L. (2015) “Predictors of job satisfaction amongst pharmacists in Malaysian public hospitals and healthcare clinics,” Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, 45(4), pp. 404–411. doi: 10.1002/jppr.1094
McCormack, H. M., MacIntyre, T. E., O’Shea, D., Herring, M. P., & Campbell, M. J. (2018). The prevalence and cause(s) of burnout among applied psychologists: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01897
Meilianti, S., Matuluko, A., Ibrahim, N., Uzman, N and Bates, I. (2022) “A global study on job and career satisfaction of early-career pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists,” Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 5, p. 100110. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100110
Merga, H. and Fufa, T. (2019) “Impacts of working environment and benefits packages on the health professionals’ job satisfaction in selected public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: Using principal component analysis,” BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4317-5
Negri, L., Cilia, S., Falautano, M., Grobberio, M., Niccolai, C., Pattini, M., Pietrolongo, E., Quartuccio, M. E., Viterbo, R. G., Allegri, B., Amato, M. P., Benin, M., De Luca, G., Gasperini, C., Minacapelli, E., Patti, F., Trojano, M. and Bassi, M. (2021) “Job satisfaction among physicians and nurses involved in the management of multiple sclerosis: the role of happiness and meaning at work,” Neurological Sciences, 43(3), pp.1903–1910. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05520-8
Oh, Y.-I., Kim, H. and Kim, K. (2019) “Factors Affecting Korean Physician Job Satisfaction,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, pp. 1–12.
Park, C., Lee, Y. J., Hong, M., Jung, C. H., Synn, Y., Kwack, Y. S., Ryu, J. S., Park, T. W., Lee, S. A. and Bahn, G. H. (2016) “A multicenter study investigating empathy and burnout characteristics in medical residents with various specialties,” Journal of Korean Medical Science, 31(4), pp. 590–597. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.590
Robbins, J. (2017) Organizational Behavior. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Shakir, H. J., McPheeters, M. J., Shallwani, H., Pittari, J. E. and Reynolds, R. M. (2018) “The prevalence of burnout among US neurosurgery residents,” Clinical Neurosurgery, 83(3), pp. 582–590. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyx494
De Simone, S., Planta, A. and Cicotto, G. (2018) “The role of job satisfaction, work engagement, self-efficacy and agentic capacities on nurses’ turnover intention and patient satisfaction,” Applied Nursing Research, 39, pp. 130–140.
Srivastava, S., Misra, R. and Madan, P. (2019) “‘The Saviors Are Also Humans’: Understanding the Role of Quality of Work Life on Job Burnout and Job Satisfaction Relationship of Indian Doctors,” Journal of Health Management, 21(2), pp. 210–229. doi: 10.1177/0972063419835099
Stefurak, T., Morgan, R. and Johnson, R. B. (2020) “The Relationship of Public Service Motivation to Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of Emergency Medical Services Professionals,” Public Personnel Management, 49(4), pp. 590–616. doi: 10.1177/0091026020917695
Tarcan, M., Hikmet, N., Schooley, B., Top, M. and Tarcan, G. Y. (2017) “An analysis of the relationship between burnout, socio-demographic and workplace factors and job satisfaction among emergency department health professionals,” Applied Nursing Research, 34, pp. 40–47. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.02.011
Temesgen, K., Aycheh, M. W. and Leshargie, C. T. (2018) “Job satisfaction and associated factors among health professionals working at Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia,” Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1), pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-0898-7
Thomas, T. (2016) “Registered Nurses Leading Innovative Changes,” Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 21 (3), p.3.
Vaillancourt, E. S. and Wasylkiw, L. (2020) “The Intermediary Role of Burnout in the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses,” The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres, 52(4), pp. 246–254. doi: 10.1177/0844562119846274
Waddill-Goad, S. M. (2019). Stress, fatigue, and burnout in nursing. Journal of Radiology Nursing, 38(1), pp. 44–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2018.10.005
Copyright (c) 2023 Moh Yusuf, Ratna Dwi Wulandari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. As an author you (or your employer or institution) may do the following:
- make copies (print or electronic) of the article for your own personal use, including for your own classroom teaching use;
- make copies and distribute such copies (including through e-mail) of the article to research colleagues, for the personal use by such colleagues (but not commercially or systematically, e.g. via an e-mail list or list server);
- present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute copies of the article to the delegates attending such meeting;
- for your employer, if the article is a ‘work for hire’, made within the scope of your employment, your employer may use all or part of the information in the article for other intra-company use (e.g. training);
- retain patent and trademark rights and rights to any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the article;
- include the article in full or in part in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially);
- use the article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of your works, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent to publication of the article in the journal); and prepare other derivative works, to extend the article into book-length form, or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the journal;
- may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the article, material extracted from the article, or derivative works for the author’s personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice are indicated.
All copies, print or electronic, or other use of the paper or article must include the appropriate bibliographic citation for the article’s publication in the journal.
2. Requests from third parties
Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the article in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
3. Author Online Use
- Personal Servers. Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of articles pre-print version of the article, or revised personal version of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from JAKI;
- Classroom or Internal Training Use. An author is expressly permitted to post any portion of the accepted version of his/her own articles on the author’s personal web site or the servers of the author’s institution or company in connection with the author’s teaching, training, or work responsibilities, provided that the appropriate copyright, credit, and reuse notices appear prominently with the posted material. Examples of permitted uses are lecture materials, course packs, e-reserves, conference presentations, or in-house training courses;
