RISK OF INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Downloads
Background: In lieu of COVID-19, adolescents are forced to carry out their schoolwork, social and leisure activities online. Excessive internet use can have a negative impact on psychological, social, physical, spiritual, and financial well-beings. Such phenomenon is called internet addiction, and its highest prevalence is observed among adolescents with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They have difficulty focusing on less attractive routines, thus they tend to have impaired daily functioning. So, internet addiction co-occuring with ADHD among adolescents warrants serious clinical attention. Purpose: This literature aims to study the risk factors and management of comorbidity of internet addiction with ADHD in adolescents. Methods: A literature review of studies investigating Internet Addiction Risk in Adolescent with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Non-English articles were set as the exclusion criteria. Search criteria in this rewiew includes ‘internet addiction', ‘ADHD', ‘comorbidity', and ‘adolescent'. Results: Adolescents with ADHD are at a heightened risk of developing internet addiction. Impulsivity, executive dysfunction, motivational dysfunction, social skill deficits and subpar attachment bonds were the primary reasons for the increased risk. Conclusion:
Attempts to increase awareness on the internet addiction susceptibility among adolescents with ADHD, particularly in this COVID-19 pandemic.
Balconi, M., & Finocchiaro, R. (2016). Deficit in rewarding mechanisms and prefrontal left/right cortical effect in vulnerability for internet addiction. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 28(5), 272–285. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.9
Bisen, S. S., & Deshpande, Y. M. (2018). Understanding internet addiction: a comprehensive review. Mental Health Review Journal, 23(3), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-07-2017-0023
Cabral, M. D. I., Liu, S., & Soares, N. (2020). Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder : diagnostic criteria , epidemiology , risk factors and evaluation in youth. 9, 104–113. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.09.08
Cerniglia, L., Zoratto, F., Cimino, S., Laviola, G., Ammaniti, M., & Adriani, W. (2017). Internet Addiction in adolescence: Neurobiological, psychosocial and clinical issues. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 76, 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.024
Chou, W. J., Huang, M. F., Chang, Y. P., Chen, Y. M., Hu, H. F., & Yen, C. F. (2017). Social skills deficits and their association with internet addiction and activities in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.005
Chou, W. J., Liu, T. L., Yang, P., Yen, C. F., & Hu, H. F. (2015). Multi-dimensional correlates of Internet addiction symptoms in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research, 225(1–2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.003
Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Ghandour, R. M., Holbrook, J. R., Kogan, M. D., & Blumberg, S. J. (2018). Prevalence of Parent-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Associated Treatment Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, 2016. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47(2), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1417860
Dwianto, A. R. (2020). Kecanduan Internet di RI Meningkat Lima Kali Lipat Selama Pandemi Corona. Retrieved November 29, 2020, from DetikHealth website: https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-5121236/kecanduan-internet-di-ri-meningkat-lima-kali-lipat-selama-pandemi-corona
Eme, R. (2017). The overlapping neurobiology of addiction and ADHD. Mental Health and Addiction Research, 2(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.15761/mhar.1000129
Evren, B., Evren, C., Dalbudak, E., Topcu, M., & Kutlu, N. (2018). Relationship of internet addiction severity with probable ADHD and difficulties in emotion regulation among young adults. Psychiatry Research, 269, 494–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.112
Fayyad, J., Sampson, N. A., Hwang, I., Adamowski, T., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., ... Wojtyniak, B. (2017). The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 9(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3
Firth, Joseph, Torous, John, Stubbs, Brendon, Firt, Josh A., Steiner, Genevieve Z., Smith, Lee, Alvarez-Jimenez, Mario, Gleeson, John, Vancampfort, Davy, Armitage, Christopher J., Sarris, J. (2019). The "Online Brain”: How The Internet may be Changing Our Cognition. World Psychiatry, 18(2), 236–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20638
Greenfield, D. N. (2018). Treatment Considerations in Internet and Video Game Addiction: A Qualitative Discussion. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 27(2), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.007
Gul, H., Solmaz, E. Y., Gul, A., & Oner, O. (2018). Facebook overuse and addiction among Turkish adolescents: Are ADHD and ADHD-related problems risk factors? Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28(1), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2017.1383706
Hai, T., Duffy, H., Lemay, J. F., Swansburg, R., Climie, E. A., & MacMaster, F. P. (2020). Neurochemical correlates of executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(1), 15–25.
Hayati, & Setiawati, Y. (2017). Interaksi Faktor Genetik dan Lingkungan pada Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) Genetics and Environment Factors in Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ).
Ho, R. C. M., Zhang, M. W., Tsamg, T. Y., Toh, A., & Pan, F. (2014). The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric. European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 27(1), 1–8.
Hoogman, M., Bralten, J., Hibar, D. P., Mennes, M., Zwiers, M. P., Schweren, L. S. J., ... Franke, B. (2017). Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(4), 310–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30049-4
Humphreys, Kathryn L. , Galan, Chardee A. , Tottenham, Nim , Lee, S. S. (2017). Impaired Social Decision-Making Mediates the Association between ADHD and Social Problems. Physiology & Behavior, 176(10), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0095-7.Impaired
Jo, Y. S., Bhang, S. Y., Choi, J. S., Lee, H. K., Lee, S. Y., & Kweon, Y.-S. (2019). Clinical Characteristics of Diagnosis for Internet Gaming Disorder: Comparison of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD Diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(7), 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070945
Jorgenson, A. G., Hsiao, R. C. J., & Yen, C. F. (2016, July). Internet Addiction and Other Behavioral Addictions. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 25, pp. 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.03.004
Kim, D. R., Bale, T. L., & Epperson, C. N. (2015). Prenatal Programming of Mental Illness: Current Understanding of Relationship and Mechanisms. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0546-9
Kim, R. K., & Abright, A. R. (2017). Lewis's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook, Fourth Edition. In Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (Vol. 47). https://doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e31815d8d78
Kitazawa, M., Yoshimura, M., & Murata, M. (2018). Associations between Problematic Internet Use and Psychiatric Symptoms among University Students in Japan. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12662
Kurniasanti, K. S., Assandi, P., Ismail, R. I., Nasrun, M. W. S., & Wiguna, T. (2019). Internet addiction: A new addiction? Medical Journal of Indonesia, 28(1), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v28i1.2752
Leménager, T., Hoffmann, S., Dieter, J., Reinhard, I., Mann, K., & Kiefer, F. (2018). The links between healthy, problematic, and addicted Internet use regarding comorbidities and self-concept-related characteristics. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.13
Marmet, S., Studer, J., Grazioli, V. S., & Gmel, G. (2018). Bidirectional Associations Between Self-Reported Gaming Disorder and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From a Sample of Young Swiss Men. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00649
Mash, Eric J., Wolfe, D. A. (2016). Abnormal Child Psychology (Sixth Edition). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203893258
Mo, P. K. H., Chan, V. W. Y., Chan, S. W., & Lau, J. T. F. (2018). The role of social support on emotion dysregulation and Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: A structural equation model. Addictive Behaviors, 82, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.027
Moro, M. M., El-Gebaly, H. H., Zaky, E. A., & Kamal, T. M. (2019). A study of dopamine D2 receptor Taq1 A alleles in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Current Pediatric Research, 23(1), 9–16.
Nie, J., Zhang, W., Chen, J., & Li, W. (2016). Impaired inhibition and working memory in response to internet-related words among adolescents with internet addiction: A comparison with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research, 236, 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.004
Pironti, V. A., Lai, M.-C., Müller, U., Bullmore, E. T., & Sahakian, B. J. (2016). Personality traits in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives. BJPsych Open, 2(4), 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003608
Poli, R. (2017). Internet addiction update: diagnostic criteria, assessment and prevalence. Neuropsychiatry, 07(01), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/neuropsychiatry.1000171
Rahmi, I., & Wimbarti, S. (2018). Inhibition in ADHD and non-ADHD children ages 6-12 years. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2018.2008
Rubia, K. (2018). Cognitive neuroscience of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its clinical translation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12(March), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00100
Sepede, G., Santacroce, R., Fiori, F., & Salerno, R. M. (2016). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internet addiction in young adults. (February). https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v8.i2.210
Setiawati, Y., Mukono, H. J., Wahyuhadi, J., & Warsiki, E. (2018). Health Notions , Volume 2 Number 4 ( April 2018 ) The Relationship Between Severity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) with Maternal Anxiety 421 | Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology Health Notions , Volume 2 Number. 2(4), 421–426.
Setiawati, Y., Mukono, H., Wahyuhadi, J., & Warsiki, E. (2019). The influence of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), ratio lead (Pb) to zinc (Zn) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02112.0
Slobodin, O., Cassuto, H., & Berger, I. (2018). Age-Related Changes in Distractibility: Developmental Trajectory of Sustained Attention in ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22(14), 1333–1343. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715575066
Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Taylor, E. (2015). Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Sixth Edition ( and E. T. A. Thapar, D. S. Pine, J. F. Leckman, S. Scott, M. J. Snowling, Ed.). Oxford: John Wiley and Sons.
Stahl, S. M. (2013). Essential pharmacology. In Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology (Vol. 4). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sun, Y., Li, Y., Bao, Y., Meng, S., Sun, Y., Schumann, G., ... Shi, J. (2020). Brief Report: Increased Addictive Internet and Substance Use Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. American Journal on Addictions, 29(4), 268–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.13066
UNESCO. (2020). Global Education Coalition. Retrieved November 28, 2020, from UNESCO website website: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/globalcoalition
Waldie, K. E., Cornforth, C. M., Webb, R. E., Thompson, J. M. D., Murphy, R., Moreau, D., ... Mitchell, E. A. (2017). Dopamine transporter (DAT1/SLC6A3) polymorphism and the association between being born small for gestational age and symptoms of ADHD. Behavioural Brain Research, 333(June), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.040
Wang, B. qian, Yao, N. qi, Zhou, X., Liu, J., & Lv, Z. tao. (2017). The association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and internet addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1408-x
Wang, H., Jin, C., Yuan, K., Shakir, T. M., Mao, C., Niu, X., ... Zhang, M. (2015). The alteration of gray matter volume and cognitive control in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9(March), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00064
Weinstein, A., Yaacov, Y., Manning, M., Danon, P., & Weizman, A. (2015). Internet addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among schoolchildren. Israel Medical Association Journal, 17(12), 731–734.
Wong, C. K., Chen, Y. M., & Yen, C. F. (2019). Associations of parental bonding and adolescent internet addiction symptoms with depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 46(2), 40–43. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000190
Young, K. (2017). The Evolution of Internet Addiction Disorder. 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46276-9_1
Zhou, B., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Xue, J., & Zhang-James, Y. (2020). Motivational but not executive dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder predicts internet addiction: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research, 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112814
- Every manuscript submitted to must observe the policy and terms set by the Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi
- Publication rights to manuscript content published by the Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi is owned by the journal with the consent and approval of the author(s) concerned. (download copyright agreement)
- Complete texts of electronically published manuscripts can be accessed free of charge if used for educational and research purposes according to copyright regulations.
JBE by Universitas Airlangga is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.