CLUSTERING OF DRUG, COSMETIC, TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, AND FOOD CRIME VULNERABILITY IN EAST JAVA USING THE K-MEDOIDS ALGORITHM

Downloads
Drug and Food crime vulnerability mapping is the process of identifying potential crimes based on investigation, news, and study analysis, including the results of supervision, intelligence, cyber, and information analysis. The purpose of this study is to classify the vulnerability of drug, cosmetic, traditional medicine, and food crime in East Java using the K-Medoids algorithm, as well as to see the development of the vulnerability of drug, cosmetic, traditional medicine, and food crime in East Java Province for 5 years from 2019 to 2023. The method used is the K-Medoids algorithm with the determination of the number of clusters using the Average Silhouette Width (ASW) method. The highest ASW value between 0.28447-0.61210 was obtained in clusters with 5 groups, namely very high, high, medium, low, and very low clusters. The results of the study show that from 2019 to 2023, as many as 12 regencies/cities have an increasingly vulnerable status, while 26 other regencies/cities have an increasingly safe status. The 12 regencies/cities that are increasingly vulnerable are Bangkalan Regency, Gresik Regency, Lamongan Regency, Nganjuk Regency, Pamekasan Regency, Pasuruan Regency, Ponorogo Regency, Sidoarjo Regency, Tuban Regency, Malang City, Probolinggo City, and Surabaya City. It is necessary to empower the community and intensify communication, provide education and disseminate information massively regarding the use of legal and safe Drugs and Food products, especially in areas with very high vulnerability.
BBPOM di Surabaya. Laporan Tahunan BBPOM di Surabaya Tahun 2023. 2024.
Maisusri S. Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Peredaran Obat Impor yang Tidak Memiliki Izin Edar oleh Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Balai Besar Pengawas Obat dan Makanan di Pekanbaru. JOM Fakultas Hukum [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Mar 13];III(2). Available from: https://www.neliti.com/publications/183139/penegakan-hukum-terhadap-tindak-pidana-peredaran-obat-impor-yang-tidak-memiliki#cite
Yuningsih R. Penguatan Kendali Pemerintah Terhadap Peredaran Obat dan Makanan. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah Masalah Sosial [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Apr 30]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v8i1.1252
BBPOM di Surabaya. Laporan Tahunan BBPOM di Surabaya Tahun 2022. 2023.
Rastiawaty R, Alrip I. Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Ilegal: Perspektif Teori Kontrol Sosial Travis Hirschi. Legislatif [Internet]. 2024 Dec [cited 2025 Apr 30];8(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.20956/jl.v8i1.41596
BPOM. BPOM. 2024 [cited 2025 Mar 9]. BPOM Tindak Tegas Penjual Kosmetik Impor Ilegal Senilai 2,2 Miliar Rupiah di Jakarta. Available from: https://www.pom.go.id/berita/bpom-tindak-tegas-penjual-kosmetik-impor-ilegal-senilai-2-2-miliar-rupiah-di-jakarta
Cahyono I, Marsitiningsih M, Widodo S. Peran Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan terhadap Peredaran Obat Tradisional yang Mengandung Bahan Kimia Obat Berbahaya dalam Perlindungan Konsumen. Kosmik Hukum [Internet]. 2020 Aug 17 [cited 2025 Mar 13];19(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v19i2.8216
Priyana P. Sosialisasi Bahaya Obat Kimia pada Obat Jamu Tradisional dipandang dari Aspek Hukum Kesehatan. I-Com: Indonesian Community Journal [Internet]. 2023 Mar 8 [cited 2025 Apr 30];3(1):186–97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33379/icom.v3i1.2239
Ameliani P, Iskandar H, Wardana DJ. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Terhadap Produk Kosmetik yang Tidak Terdaftar BPOM. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam [Internet]. 2022 Dec 25 [cited 2025 Apr 30];4(2):653–60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v4i2.2062
Khodijah K. Agama dan Budaya Malu Sebagai Kontrol Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Koruptif. Sosial Budaya [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Apr 30];15(2). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sb.v15i2.7606
Muhima RR, Kurniawan M, Wardana SR, Yudhana A, Sunardi, Rahmawati WM, et al. Kupas Tuntas Algoritma Clustering: Konsep Perhitungan Manual dan Program. 1st ed. Risanto E, editor. Yogyakarta: ANDI; 2021.
Wang X, Xu Y. An improved index for clustering validation based on Silhouette index and Calinski-Harabasz index. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering [Internet]. Institute of Physics Publishing; 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/569/5/052024
Nurhayati, Sinatrya NS, Wardhani LK, Busman. Analysis of K-Means and K-Medoids’s Performance Using Big Data Technology. The 6th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Apr 30];8674251. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/CITSM.2018.8674251
Zhao Y, Chen B, Li M. Parallel K-Medoids Improved Algorithm Based on MapReduce. In: Proceedings - 2018 6th International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data, CBD 2018 [Internet]. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.; 2018 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. p. 18–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/CBD.2018.00013
Domingo J, Leon T, Dura E. Scellpam: an R package/C++ library to perform parallel partitioning around medoids on scRNAseq data sets. BMC Bioinformatics [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Apr 30];24(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05471-1
Ushakov A V, Vasilyev I. A parallel heuristic for a k-medoids clustering problem with unfixed number of clusters. MIPRO [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 30]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.23919/MIPRO.2019.8756919
Batool F, Hennig C. Clustering with the Average Silhouette Width. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2021 Jun 1;158.
Lengyel A, Botta-Dukát Z. Silhouette width using generalized mean—A flexible method for assessing clustering efficiency. Ecol Evol [Internet]. 2019 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Apr 30];9(23):13231–43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5774
Afnidya Nanda C, Laila Nugraha A, Sugiastu Firdaus H. Analisis Tingkat Daerah Rawan Kriminalitas Menggunakan Metode Kernel Density di Wilayah Hukum Polrestabes Kota Semarang [Internet]. Vol. 8, Jurnal Geodesi Undip Oktober. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgundip.2019.25144
Inayah J, Maghfiroh DASN, Novitasari DCR. Clustering Daerah Rawan Kriminalitas Menggunakan Algoritma Fuzzy C-Means. Jurnal Ilmiah Informatika Komputer [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 30];27(2):95–106. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35760/ik.2022.v27i2.6019
Irwan, Sanusi W, Saman F. Pengelompokan Daerah Rawan Kriminalitas di Sulawesi Selatan Menggunakan Metode K-means Clustering. Journal of Mathematics, Computations, and Statistics (hal [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 30];5(1):12–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35580/jmathcos.v5i1.32719
Suyudi I, Afif MN, Kevin Y, Gabrielle MV. Analisis Pengawasan Post-Market Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan pada Peredaran Kosmetik Berbahaya. Deviance Jurnal kriminologi [Internet]. 2022 Dec 31 [cited 2025 Apr 30];6(2):135. Available from: https://doi.org/10.36080/djk.2103
Suryadi UT, Supriatna Y. Sistem Clustering Tindak Kejahatan Pencurian di Wilayah Jawa Barat Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi STMIK Subang [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 30];22:111. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47561/a.v12i1.147
Shi HY, Jing FJ, Yang Y, Nguyen B. The concept of consumer vulnerability: Scale development and validation. Int J Consum Stud [Internet]. 2017 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Apr 30];41(6):769–77. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12390
Kumari S, Atem TD, Chaudhary V, Sahu SK, Pal B. Prevalence and risk factors of cosmetic-induced adverse events: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Internet]. Vol. 14, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. Open Science Publishers LLP Inc.; 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. p. 252–63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2024.193512
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright ©2022 Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan (Journal of Biometrics and Population)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Copyright of all journal manuscripts is held by the Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan.
2. Formal legal provisions to access digital articles of the electronic journals are subject to the provision of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which means that Jurnal Kesehatan Biometrika dan Kependudukan to keep, transfer media/format, manage in the form of databases, maintain, and publish articles.
3. Published manuscripts both printed and electronic are open access for educational, research, and library purposes. Additionally, the editorial board is not responsible for any violations of copyright law.