The Role of Socioeconomic and Female Indicators on Infant Mortality in West Nusa Tenggara: A Panel VECM Analysis
Downloads
West Nusa Tenggara Province has an infant mortality rate that surpasses the national average. Additionally, it is also characterized as having a high Gini ratio and gender inequality index. Therefore, this study aims to examine the differences in classification among different regions, the long-term and short-term impact, and the causal relationship between socio-economic factors and female indicators in relation to infant mortality. This study used the co-integration method of the panel VECM and applied the natural breaks (Jenks) classification method based on panel data from 10 regencies/cities in West Nusa Tenggara Province between 2012 and 2022. This study discovered two instances of co-integration where the life expectancy of women was found to have a negative impact, while the percentage of women working full-time was found to have a positive impact on the long-term infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rates in the short term showed a significant relationship with the cointegration coefficient, mean years of schooling of women, life expectancy of women, and percentage of women working full-time. There is a direct causal relationship between the mean years of schooling of women and the percentage of people living in poverty and the infant mortality rate. This study is expected to serve as a basis to guide the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province in promoting equity in education, equal job opportunities, adequate healthcare facilities, and increased investment to decrease infant mortality.
Abbas, S. (2020). Climate Change and Cotton Production: An Empirical Investigation of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(23), 29580–29588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09222-0
Abiodun, N., Bankole, K., & Olaide, S. (2020). Maternal Mortality, Child Mortality, Life Expectancy and Economic Growth: The Nigerian Experience. Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences,3(1), 92-109.
Ai, H., Guan, M., Feng, W., & Li, K. (2021). Influence of Classified Coal Consumption on PM2.5 Pollution: Analysis Based on The Panel Cointegration and Error-Correction Model. Energy, 215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119108
Akadiri, S. S., Lasisi, T. T., Uzuner, G., & Akadiri, A. C. (2020). Examining The Causal Impacts of Tourism, Globalization, Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions in Tourism Island Territories: Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(4), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1539067
Álvarez-Ayuso, I. C., Kao, C., & Romero-Jordán, D. (2018). Long Run Effect of Public Grants and Tax Credits on R&D Investment: A Non-Stationary Panel Data Approach. Economic Modelling, 75, 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.06.011
Amaluddin, A. (2020). The Dynamic Link of Electricity Consumption, Internet Access and Economic Growth in 33 Provinces of Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(4), 309–317. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9249
Appiah, M. O. (2018). Investigating The Multivariate Granger Causality Between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Ghana. Energy Policy, 112, 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.017
Asif, M. F., Pervaiz, Z., Afridi, J. R., Safdar, R., Abid, G., & Lassi, Z. S. (2022). Socio-Economic Determinants of Child Mortality in Pakistan and The Moderating Role of Household's Wealth Index. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-03076-2
Asri, Y. S., Wijayanti, S. K., Vianey, A. M., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Indikator Ketenagakerjaan terhadap Kemiskinan di Indonesia [Employment Indicators on Poverty in Indonesia]. Jurnal Ekonomi: Journal of Economic, 14(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47007/jeko.v14i02.7242
Aurellia, N. A., Ramadhani, A. A., Pamungkas, K. A., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Determinan Kejadian Wasting pada Balita Studi Kasus: Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2021 [Determinants of Wasting Incidents in Toddlers Case Study: East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2021]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2023, 1(2023), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2023i1.1901
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunanan Nasional. (2021). Peta Jalan SDGs Indonesia - Menuju 2030 [Indonesia's SDGs Roadmap - Towards 2030]. Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020 [2020 Population Census Long Form]. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Batubara, D. M., & Saskara, I. N. (2015). Analisis Hubungan Ekspor, Impor, PDB, dan Utang Luar Negeri Indonesia Periode 1970-2013 [Analysis of the Relationship between Exports, Imports, GDP and Indonesia's Foreign Debt for the Period 1970-2013]. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 8(1), 44312.
Belantika, B. T., Rohmad, B., Arandita, H. D. N., Hutasoit, D. R., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Factors affecting poverty using a geographically weighted regression approach (case study of Java Island, 2020). OPTIMUM: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 13(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31849/jieb.v20i2.12259
Bishop-Royse, J., Lange-Maia, B., Murray, L., Shah, R. C., & DeMaio, F. (2021). Structural Racism, Socio-Economic Marginalization, and Infant Mortality. Public Health, 190, 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.027
Boppart, T., Krusell, P., & Mitman, K. (2018). Exploiting MIT Shocks in Heterogeneous-Agent Economies: The Impulse Response As A Numerical Derivative. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 89, 68–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2018.01.002
BPS Nusa Tenggara Barat. (2022). Indeks Ketimpangan Gender (IKG) Provinsi NTB Tahun 2022 [NTB Province Gender Inequality Index (IKG) 2022]. Mataram: BPS Nusa Tenggara Barat.
Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111
Bugelli, A., Da Silva, R. B., Dowbor, L., & Sicotte, C. (2021). The Determinants of Infant Mortality in Brazil, 2010–2020: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126464
Chen, C., Xu, X., & Yan, Y. (2018). Estimated Global Overweight and Obesity Burden in Pregnant Women Based on Panel Data Model. PLoS ONE, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202183
Chen, J., Yang, S., Li, H., Zhang, B., & Lv, J. (2013). Research on Geographical Environment Unit Division Based on The Method of Natural Breaks (Jenks). International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 40(4W3), 47–50. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-4-W3-47-2013
Cruz, M., & Ahmed, S. A. (2018). On The Impact of Demographic Change on Economic Growth and Poverty. World Development, 105, 95–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.018
Curran-Everett, D. (2018). Staying Current Explorations in Statistics: The Log Transformation. Adv Physiol Educ, 42, 343–347. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00018.2018.-Learning
Curran-Everett, D. (2018). Explorations in statistics: the log transformation. Advances in physiology education, 42(2), 343-347.
Currie, J., & Goodman, J. (2020). Parental Socioeconomic Status, Child Health, and Human Capital. In The Economics of Education: A Comprehensive Overview (pp. 239–248). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815391-8.00018-5
Demung, I. W., & Marhaeni, A. A. I. N. (2019). Factors Affect of Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates in West Nusa Tenggara Province. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 20(5), 17–22.
Dong, K., Hochman, G., Zhang, Y., Sun, R., Li, H., & Liao, H. (2018). CO2 Emissions, Economic and Population Growth, and Renewable Energy: Empirical Evidence Across Regions. Energy Economics, 75, 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.08.017
Duba, J., Berry, J., Fang, A., & Baughn, M. (2018). The Effects of Health Care Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP on Life Expectancies. Research in Applied Economics, 10(2), 50. https://doi.org/10.5296/rae.v10i2.12654
Dutta, U. P., Gupta, H., Sarkar, A. K., & Sengupta, P. P. (2020). Some Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate in SAARC Countries: an Empirical Assessment Through Panel Data Analysis. Child Indicators Research, 13(6), 2093–2116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-020-09734-8
Erdoğan, E., Ener, M., & Arıca, F. (2013). The Strategic Role of Infant Mortality in the Process of Economic Growth: An Application for High Income OECD Countries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.467
Fariza, A., Rusydi, I., Hasim, J. A. N., & Basofi, A. (2017). Spatial Flood Risk Mapping in East Java, Indonesia, Using Analytic Hierarchy Process – Natural Breaks Classification. 2017 2nd International Conferences on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITISEE.2017.8285539
Gholami Taramsari, M., Reza Moeini, S., & Kazemipour, S. (2021). Socio-Economic Status and Infant Mortality Rate. International Journal of Health Studies, 7(1), 33–36. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i1.834
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning 46(1–2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001
Hardinata, R., Oktaviana, L., Husain, F. F., Putri, S., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Stunting di Indonesia Tahun 2021 [Analysis of Factors Affecting Stunting in Indonesia in 2021]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2023, 1 (2023), 817–826. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2023i1.1867
Harum, N. S., Aini, M., Risxi, M. A., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Pengaruh Sosial Ekonomi dan Kesehatan terhadap Pengeluaran Konsumsi Pangan Rumah Tangga Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2020 [The Influence of Socio-Economics and Health on Household Food Consumption Expenditures in Central Java Province in 2020]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2023, 1 (2023), 899–908. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2023i1.1919
Hawari, R., & Kartiasih, F. (2017). Kajian Aktivitas Ekonomi Luar Negeri Indonesia Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Periode 1998-2014 [Study of Indonesia's Foreign Economic Activities on Indonesia's Economic Growth for the 1998-2014 Period]. Media Statistika, 9(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.14710/medstat.9.2.119-132
Hondroyiannis, G., & Papaoikonomou, D. (2020). The Effect of Card Payments on VAT Revenue in The Euro Area: Evidence from A Panel VECM. Journal of Economic Studies, 47(6), 1281–1306. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-03-2019-0138
Irana, T., Mekebo, G. G., Diriba, G., Sisay, A. L., Woldeyohannes, B., & Yohannes, Z. (2023). Determinants of Infant Mortality in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 85(6), 2791–2796. https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000000842
Kartiasih, F. (2019a). Dampak Infrastruktur Transportasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Menggunakan Regresi Data Panel [The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Economic Growth in Indonesia Using Panel Data Regression]. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 16(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.31849/jieb.v16i1.2306
Kartiasih, F. (2019b). Transformasi Struktural dan Ketimpangan Antardaerah di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur [Structural Transformation and Interregional Inequality in East Kalimantan Province]. INOVASI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan Dan Manajemen, 15(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30872/jinv.v15i1.5201
Kartiasih, F., Djalal Nachrowi, N., Wisana, I. D. G. K., & Handayani, D. (2023). Inequalities of Indonesia's regional digital development and its association with socioeconomic characteristics: a spatial and multivariate analysis. Information Technology for Development, 29(2–3), 299–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2022.2110556
Kartiasih, F., Nachrowi, N. D., Wisana, I. D. G. K., & Handayani, D. (2023a). Potret Ketimpangan Digital dan Distribusi Pendapatan di Indonesia: Pendekatan Regional Digital Development Index (1st ed.) [Portrait of Digital Inequality and Income Distribution in Indonesia: Regional Digital Development Index Approach (1st ed.)]. Depok: UI Publishing.
Kartiasih, F., Nachrowi, N. D., Wisana, I. D. G. K., & Handayani, D. (2023b). Towards the quest to reduce income inequality in Indonesia: Is there a synergy between ICT and the informal sector? Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2241771
Kartiasih, F., & Setiawan, A. (2020). Aplikasi Error Correction Mechanism Dalam Analisis Dampak Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Konsumsi Energi Dan Perdagangan Internasional Terhadap Emisi CO2 Di Indonesia [Application of Error Correction Mechanism in Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and International Trade on CO2 Emissions in Indonesia]. Media Statistika, 13(1), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.14710/medstat.13.1.104-115
Khamis, N., Ching Sin, T., & Chin Hock, G. (2018). Segmentation of Residential Customer Load Profile in Peninsular Malaysia using Jenks Natural Breaks [Segmentation of Residential Customer Load Profile in Peninsular Malaysia using Jenks Natural Breaks]. 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 128–131.
Khan, J. R., & Awan, N. (2017). A Comprehensive Analysis on Child Mortality and Its Determinants in Bangladesh Using Frailty Models. Archives of Public Health, 75(58). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-017-0224-6
Kitessa, D. T., & Jewaria, T. (2018). Determinants of Tax Revenue in East African Countries: An Application of Multivariate Panel Data Cointegration Analysis. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 10(11), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.5897/jeif2018.0924
Kousar, S., Ahmed, F., Pervaiz, A., Zafar, M., & Abbas, S. (2020). A Panel Co-integration Analysis between Energy Consumption and Poverty: New Evidence from South Asian Countries. Estudios de Economia Aplicada, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v38i3.3441
Kousar, S., Sabir, S. A., Manzoor, S., Isran, M. A., & Zafar, M. (2021). An Application of VECM to Investigate The Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Poverty: New Evidence from Pakistan. Estudios de Economia Aplicada, 39(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i2.3797
Kustanto, A. (2021). The Prevalence of Stunting, Poverty, and Economic Growth in Indonesia: A Dynamic Panel Data Causality Analysis. Journal of Developing Economies, 6(2), 150–173. https://doi.org/10.20473/jde.v6i2.22358
Kusumasari, A., & Kartiasih, F. (2017). Aglomerasi Industri Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Jawa Barat 2010-2014 [Industrial Agglomeration and Its Influence on West Java Economic Growth 2010-2014]. Jurnal Aplikasi Statistika & Komputasi Statistik, 9(2), 28–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34123/jurnalasks.v9i2.143
Liang, H. J., Li, J. L., Di, Y. L., Zhang, A. S., & Zhu, F. X. (2015). Logarithmic Transformation is Essential for Statistical Analysis of Fungicide EC50 Values. Journal of Phytopathology, 163(6), 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12342
Mahembe, E., & Mbaya Odhiambo, N. (2019). Foreign Aid, Poverty and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Dynamic Panel Data Causality Analysis. Cogent Economics and Finance, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1626321
Megaravalli, A. V., & Sampagnaro, G. (2018). Macroeconomic Indicators and Their Impact on Stock Markets in ASIAN 3: A Pooled Mean Group Approach. Cogent Economics and Finance, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1432450
Men, L. R., Tsai, W. H. S., Chen, Z. F., & Ji, Y. G. (2018). Social Presence and Digital Dialogic Communication: Engagement Lessons From Top Social CEOs. Journal of Public Relations Research, 30(3), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2018.1498341
Miladinov, G. (2020). Socioeconomic Development and Life Expectancy Relationship: Evidence from The EU Accession Candidate Countries. Genus, 76(2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-019-0071-0
Mohamoud, Y. A., Kirby, R. S., & Ehrenthal, D. B. (2019). Poverty, Urban-Rural Classification and Term Infant Mortality: A Population-Based Multilevel analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(40). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2190-1
Ningsih, Y. P., & Kartiasih, F. (2019). Dampak Guncangan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Mitra Dagang Utama terhadap Indikator Makroekonomi Indonesia [Impact of Economic Growth Shocks of Major Trading Partners on Indonesian Macroeconomic Indicators]. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 16(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31849/jieb.v16i1.2307
OECD & World Health Organization. (2020). Infant Mortality. in Health at A Glance: Asia/Pacific 2020: Measuring Progress Towards Universal Health Coverage,2020. OECD. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1787/f7b3e551-en
Patel, K. K., Rai, R., & Rai, A. K. (2021). Determinants of Infant Mortality in Pakistan: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18. Journal of Public Health (Germany), 29(3), 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01175-0
Paul, P. (2020). Child Marriage and Its Association with Morbidity and Mortality of Children Under 5 Years Old: Evidence from India. Journal of Public Health (Germany), 28(3), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01038-8
Pedroni, P. (2013). Structural Panel VARs. Econometrics, 1(2), 180–206. https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics1020180
Pesaran, M. H., Schuermann, T., & Weiner, S. M. (2004). Modeling Regional Interdependencies Using a Global Error-Correcting Macroeconometric Model. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 22(2), 129–162. https://doi.org/10.1198/073500104000000019
Prawidia, D., Zhafirah, L., Saputra, N., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Determinants of Under-five Mortality Due to Pneumonia : A Negative Binomial Regression Analysis. Jurnal Varian, 7(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.30812/varian.v7i1.2768
Pribadi, W., & Kartiasih, F. (2020). Environmental Quality and Poverty Assessment in Indonesia. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 10(1), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.1.89-97
Primadianti, N., & Sugiyanto, C. (2020). Ketimpangan Regional, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Pro Poor, dan Kemiskinan di Nusa Tenggara Barat [Regional Inequality, Pro Poor Economic Growth, and Poverty in West Nusa Tenggara]. JDEP: Jurnnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan, 3(1), 1–20. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/dinamika_pembangunan/index
Putri, N. I., & Purwanti, E. Y. (2020). Analisis Angka Kematian Bayi di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2012-2016 [Analysis of Infant Mortality Rates in East Java Province 2012-2016]. JDEP, 3(2). https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/dinamika_pembangunan/index
Putri, C. K. L., Zhafarina, N., Putri, N. Y., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Pengaruh Pandemi COVID-19 dan Variabel Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Prevalensi Ketidakcukupan Konsumsi Pangan di Indonesia Tahun 2021 [The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Socio-Economic Variables on the Prevalence of Insufficient Food Consumption in Indonesia in 2021]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2023, 1 (2023), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2023i1.1836
Rahman, M. M., & Alam, K. (2023). The Role of Socio-economic and Female Indicators on Child Mortality Rate in Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis. Omega (United States), 86(3), 889–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222821993616
Rashid, H., & Ramirez, M. D. (2021). Investigating the Causality Between Remittances, Infant Mortality, and Economic Growth in India: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model Analysis. Research in Applied Economics, 13(3), 21. https://doi.org/10.5296/rae.v13i3.19042
Sahoo, M., & Sahoo, M. (2019). The Relationship Between Unemployment and Some Macroeconomic Variables: Empirical Evidence from India. Theoretical and Applied Economics, XXVI(1), 115–128. http://www.icaap.org
Saputra, D. D., & Sukmawati, A. (2021). Pendekatan Analisis Vector Error Corretion Model (VECM) Dalam Hubungan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Sektor Pariwisata [Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Analysis Approach in the Relationship between Economic Growth and the Tourism Sector]. In Seminar Nasional Official Statistics. https://barenlitbangkepri.com/potensi-kepri/
Sari, V. K., & Prasetyani, D. (2021). Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate in Asean: A Panel Data Analysis. Journal of ASEAN Studies, 9(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V9I1.7280
Schellekens, J. (2021). Maternal Education and Infant Mortality Decline. Demographic Research, 45, 807–824. https://doi.org/10.2307/48640795
Shabir, M., Ali, M., Hashmi, S. H., & Bakhsh, S. (2022). Heterogeneous Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Foreign Direct Investment on Environmental Quality: Cross-Country Evidence. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(2), 2737–2752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15715-3
Sharif, A., Baris-Tuzemen, O., Uzuner, G., Ozturk, I., & Sinha, A. (2020). Revisiting The Role of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Turkey's Ecological Footprint: Evidence from Quantile ARDL Approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 57. 102-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102138
Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8(2), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1
Solihin, A., Wardana, W. W., Fiddin, E., & Sukartini, N. M. (2021). Do Government Policies Drive Economic Growth Convergence? Evidence from East Java, Indonesia. Cogent Economics and Finance, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1992875
Su, Y., Cherian, J., Sial, M. S., Badulescu, A., Thu, P. A., Badulescu, D., & Samad, S. (2021). Does Tourism Affect Economic Growth of China? A Panel Granger Causality Approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031349
Taramsari, M. G., Moeini, S. R., & Kazemipour, S. (2021). Socio-economic Status and Infant Mortality Rate: Socio-Economic Status and Infant Mortality Rate. International Journal of Health Studies, 7(1) 33-36.
Taylor-Robinson, D., Lai, E. T. C., Wickham, S., Rose, T., Norman, P., Bambra, C., Whitehead, M., & Barr, B. (2019). Assessing The Impact of Rising Child Poverty on The Unprecedented Rise in Infant Mortality in England, 2000-2017: Time Trend Analysis. BMJ Open, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029424
Titaley, C. R., Dibley, M. J., Agho, K., Roberts, C. L., & Hall, J. (2008). Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-232
Turner, N., Danesh, K., & Moran, K. (2020). The Evolution of Infant Mortality Inequality in The United States, 1960-2016. Science Advances, 6, 5908–5925. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba5908
Wang, S., & Ren, Z. (2019). Spatial Variations and Macroeconomic Determinants of Life Expectancy and Mortality Rate in China: A Country-Level Study Based on Spatial Analysis Models. International Journal of Public Health, 64(5), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01251-y
Weaving, D., Jones, B., Ireton, M., Whitehead, S., Till, K., & Beggs, C. B. (2019). Overcoming The Problem of Multicollinearity in Sports Performance Data: A Novel Application of Partial Least Squares Correlation Analysis. PLoS ONE, 14(2): e0211776. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211776
Widyastuti, D., Jamaluddin, H. N., Arisanti, R., & Kartiasih, F. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Akses Sanitasi Layak di Indonesia Tahun 2021 [Analysis of the Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Access to Adequate Sanitation in Indonesia in 2021]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2023, 1(2023), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2023i1.1853
World Bank. (2023). Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births). Diakses pada 12 November 2023 dari laman https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN.
Zakaria, M., Tariq, S., & ul Husnain, M. I. (2020). Socio-Economic, Macroeconomic, Demographic, and Environmental Variables as Determinants of Child Mortality in South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(1), 954–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06988-w
Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Tourism, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emissions in China. Tourism Economics, 27(5), 1060–1080. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620918458
Zhang, R., He, Y., Cui, W., Yang, Z., Ma, J., Xu, H., & Feng, D. (2022). Poverty-Returning Risk Monitoring and Analysis of the Registered Poor Households Based on BP Neural Network and Natural Breaks: A Case Study of Yunyang District, Hubei Province. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095228
Copyright (c) 2024 Rechtiana Putri Arini, Soraya Afkarina Mumtazah, Rio Manuppak Siahaan, Fitri Kartiasih
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JDE (Journal of Developing Economies) (p-ISSN: 2541-1012; e-ISSN: 2528-2018) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
- The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
