Peran OHCHR dalam Kasus Pembunuhan di Luar Hukum dalam Kebijakan Perang Melawan Narkoba Filipina
Downloads
The Office of the UN High Commissioner of Human Rights is an intergovernmental
human rights organization that provides advisory services and technical
cooperation at both the national and regional levels. OHCHR will get involved
if a country experiences obstacles related to human rights. This paper aims to
analyze and describe the role of OHCHR in cases of extrajudicial killings since
the enactment of the War on Drugs Policy in the Philippines. The author uses a
qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The author obtains the required
data through literature studies and interviews. The results showed that OHCHR
has several roles in its involvement, namely as an actor to communicate with
the government, victims' families, and other international organizations; as a
forum to discuss human rights cases in the regular sessions of the UN Human
Rights Council; also as a political resource where countries fight over what the
OHCHR have to do to support their positions.
Buku atau Bagian dalam Buku
Archer, C., 1992. International Organizations. London: Routledge.
Barkin, S. J., 2013. International Organizations: Theories and
Institutions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cresswell, J., 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Forsythe, D., 2017. Human Rights in International Relations. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Hanson, M. dan Dunne, T., 2009. "Human Rights in International
Relations” dalam M. Goodhart, Human Rights: Politics and Practice.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heywood, A., 2011. Global Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hurd, I., 2014. International Organizations: Politics, Law, Practice. New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Karens, M. P., dan Mingst, K. A., 2010. International Organizations: The
Politics and Processes of Global Governance. Colorado: Lynne Riener
Publishers.
Schmitz, H. P. dan Sikkink, K., 2012. "International Human Rights" dalam
W. Carlnaes, T. Risse, dan B. A. Simmons, Handbook of International
Relations, London: Sage Publications.
Artikel Jurnal
Nassaji, H., 2015. "Qualitative and Descriptive Research: Data Type versus
Data Analysis", Language Teaching Research, 19(2): 129-132.
Reyes, D. A., 2016. "The Spectacle of Violence in Duterte's War on Drugs",
Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 35(3): 111-137.
Thakur, R., 1994. "Human Rights: Amnesty International and United
Nations", Journal of Peace Research, 31(2): 143-160.
Virally, M., 1977. "Definition and Classification of International
Organizations: a Legal Approach", International Social Science
Journal, 29(1): 58-72.
Laporan Penelitian
Office of High Commissioner of UN Human Rights, 2020. ”Situation of
Human Rights in the Philippines”, Laporan Tahunan untuk Dewan
HAM PBB. Jenewa: Office of High Commissioner of UN Human Rights
Agnello, A., 2017. "Extrajudicial Killings and Human Rights Education in
the Philippines", International Human Rights Internships Program -
Working Paper Series, V(6), 1-30. Montreal: McGill Centre for
Human Rights and Pluralism.
Dokumen Resmi
Office of High Commissioner of UN Human Rights, 1996. The
International Bill of Human Rights. Jenewa: Office of High
Commissioner of UN Human Rights.
Office of High Commissioner of UN Human Rights, 2019. The Human
Rights Council and the role of the Office. Jenewa: Office of High
Commissioner of UN Human Rights.
Philippines Government, 1950. Proclamation No. 225. Manila: The
Philippines Government.
Philippines Government, 1987. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of
the Philippines - Article III. Manila: The Philippines Government.
Publikasi Daring
BBC News, 2016. ”Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte threatens to leave UN”,
BBC News, 21 Agustus 2016, [daring]. Tersedia dalam [https://www.
bbc.com/news/world-asia-37147630] (diakses pada [24 Januari
).
Mendez, C., 2016. "Duterte to PNP: Kill 1,000, I'll protect you”, Philstar, 2
Juli 2016, [daring]. Tersedia dalam [https://www.philstar.com/headlines/
/07/02/1598740/duterte-pnp-kill-1000-ill-protect-you]
(diakses pada [28 Januari 2021]).
Nebehay, S., 2020. "U.N. to step up rights work in Philippines after drug war
killings”, Reuters, 7 Oktober 2020, [daring]. Tersedia dalam [https://
www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-rights-idUSKBN26S24K]
(diakses pada [22 Februari 2021]).
Office of High Commissioner of UN Human Rights, 2013. ”Human Rights
History: a Journey Through the Past 20 Years”, UN Human Rights.
Oktober 2013, [daring]. Tersedia dalam [https://www.ohchr.org/
EN/NewsEvents/Pages/HumanRightsHistory.aspx] (diakses pada
Januari 2020]).
Office of High Commissioner of UN Human Rights, 2017. ”Special
Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions”, UN
Human Rights, Juni 2017, [daring]. Tersedia dalam [https://www.
ohchr.org/en/issues/executions/pages/srexecutionsindex.aspx]
(diakses pada [18 Januari 2020]).
Philpott, D, 2016. ”Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy”, Stanford University,
[daring]. Tersedia dalam [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/
sovereignty/] (diakses pada [20 Januari 2020]).
Robertson, P., 2020. ”Philippines in Hot Seat at UN Rights Council”,
Human Rights Watch, 30 Juni 2020, [daring]. Tersedia di [https://
www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/30/philippines-hot-seat-un-rightscouncil]
(diakses pada [20 Februari 2021]).
UN News Center, 2016. "UN rights experts urge Philippines to end wave
of extrajudicial killings amid major drug crackdown", UN News
Center, 18 Agustus 2016, [daring]. Tersedia dalam [https://news.
un.org/en/story/2016/08/536902-un-rights-experts-urge-philippines-
end-wave-extrajudicial-killings-amid-major#.WFEHNKIrKTd]
(diakses pada [24 Januari 2020]).
UNDP dan OHCHR, 2010. "UNDP-OHCHR Toolkit for Collaboration with
National Human Rights Institution", UNDP dan OHCHR, [daring].
Tersedia dalam [https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/
librarypage/democratic-governance/human_rights/NHRIsToolkit.
html] (diakses pada [22 Februari 2021]).
Wawancara
Esteban, G., 2020. "Kebijakan War on Drugs dan Aktor-Aktor yang
Terlibat di Dalamnya", 31 Agustus. (D. A. Rakhmawulan,
Pewawancara).
Papa, W., 2020. Peran LSM dan Organisasi Internasional dalam Kasus
Pembunuhan Ekstra-Yudisial pada Kebijakan War on Drugs Filipina,
November. (D. A. Rakhmawulan, Pewawancara)
Poulsen, S., 2020. "Peran OHCHR dalam Kasus Pembunuhan
Ekstra-Yudisial pada Kebijakan War on Drugs Filipina", November
(D. A. Rakhmawulan, Pewawancara).
- Authors retain the copyright of their article without restrictions and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with the condition that it is not intended for commercial purposes, and cite an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). However, authors are not allowed to share their work with other journals or publishers as it may lead to conflicting publication processes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
