Determinants of Indonesian Nickel Exports: Panel Data Analysis using Gravity Model Approach
Downloads
This research investigates the determinants of Indonesia’s nickel exports to major destinations—China, Japan, the United States, Malaysia, and Singapore—from 2003 to 2022. By employing a gravity model, the study validates its utility in explaining Indonesia’s nickel export patterns. The results indicate a positive relationship between the economic size of importing countries and Indonesia’s nickel exports, while increased geographical distance negatively impacts these exports. The estimation also incorporated control variables such as inflation, real exchange rates, and a COVID-19 dummy. These findings highlight the importance of proactive adaptation to global market dynamics to ensure the continued strength of Indonesia’s nickel export sector.
Anderson, J. E., & Wincoop, E. van. (2003). Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle. The American Economic Review, 93(1), 170–192. http://www.jstor.orgURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3132167Accessed:25-11-201512:10UTC
Az-zakiyah, N. A. (2023). Impact of gravity model and domestic market obligation (DMO) on coal Indonesian export. Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 13(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.12928/optimum.v13i1.6625
Baltagi, B. H., Egger, P., & Pfaffermayr, M. (2003). A generalized design for bilateral trade flow models. Economics Letters, 80(3), 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00115-0
Capoani, L. (2023). Review of the gravity model: origins and critical analysis of its theoretical development. SN Business & Economics, 3(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-023-00461-0
Cheong, J., Kwak, D. W., & Tang, K. K. (2015). Heterogeneous effects of preferential trade agreements: How does partner similarity matter? World Development, 66, 222–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.021
Diallo, A., Koivogui, S. K., & Bah, H. B. (2018). Empirical Analysis of Regional Potential Trade: Case of Ecowas and SADC. Journal of Finance and Economics, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfe-6-1-1
Ginting, M. (2013). Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Terhadap Ekspor Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 7(1), 1–18.
Isard, W. (1954). Location Theory And Trade Theory: Short-Run Analysis. The Quarterly Journal of Economics., 68(2), 305–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1884452
Islam, Md. M., Sohag, K., Mamman, S. O., & Herdhayinta, H. (2023). Response of Indonesian mineral supply to global renewable energy generation: Analysis based on gravity model approach. Geoscience Frontiers, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101658
Kabir, M., Salim, R., & Al-Mawali, N. (2017). The gravity model and trade flows: Recent developments in econometric modeling and empirical evidence. Economic Analysis and Policy, 56, 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.08.005
Laksana, M. P. A. (2022). Export taxes and trade pattern: case from the Indonesian mineral industry. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 6(1), 37-53.
Leamer, E. E., & Stern, R. M. (1970). Quantitative International Economics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
Martinez-Zarzoso, I., Felicitas, N. L. D., & Horsewood, N. (2009). Are regional trading agreements beneficial?: Static and dynamic panel gravity models. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 20(1), 46-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2008.10.001
Maruf, M. K. H., Saha, S., Baten, M. R. H., & Akter, D. (2020). Assessing the existence of gravity model for bangladesh’s trade: A panel data analysis. South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(3), 71-92.
Mátyás, L. (1997). Proper Econometric Specification of the Gravity Model. The World Economy, 20(3), 363–368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00074
McRae, M. E. (2024). Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024 - Nickel. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024-nickel.pdf
Novy, D. (2013). International trade without CES: Estimating translog gravity. Journal of International economics, 89(2), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.08.010
Oh, J., & Zhong, W. (2016). How to attract more tourists to Korea? Possible collaborations with China. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(4), 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2016.08.002
Prawoto, N. (2024). Analysis of Determinants of Indonesian Nickel Exports Towards an Energy Sovereign Country. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(2), 2024. https://doi.org/10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02
Purwono, R., Sugiharti, L., Handoyo, R. D., & Esquivias, M. A. (2022). Trade Liberalization and Comparative Advantage: Evidence from Indonesia and Asian Trade Partners. Economies, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10040080
Schutz, B. (2003). Gravity from the Ground Up. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807800
Soloaga, I., & Wintersb, L. A. (2001). Regionalism in the nineties: What effect on trade?. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1062-9408(01)00042-0
Silva, J. M. C. S., & Tenreyro, S. (2006). The Log of Gravity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(4), 641–658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.4.641
Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the world economy; suggestions for an international economic policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund. https://repub.eur.nl/pub/16826/Appendices.pdf
Wang, X., & Badman, R. P. (2016). A Multifaceted Panel Data Gravity Model Analysis of Peru’s Foreign Trade. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1612.01155
Zainuddin, M. R. K. V., Shukor, M. S., Zulkifli, M. S., & Abdullah, A. H. (2021). Dynamics of Malaysia’s bilateral export post COVID-19: A gravity model analysis. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2021-5501-4
Copyright (c) 2025 Billie Ariyanta Hartono, Aloysius Gunadi Brata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
JIET (Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan) (p-ISSN: 2541-1470; e-ISSN: 2528-1879) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Authors who publish with JIET (Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan) agree to the following terms:
- The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
- The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA).
