MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction: The use of pesticides not only has benefits for product growth but also causes problems with the entry of pesticide residues in the food chain to pollution to the environment. This study aims to formulate ways to reduce pesticide contamination in the environment and agricultural products. Discussion: This literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method using 35 articles 14 of which were published in the ScienceDirect database, 12 in the Proquest database, and 9 in the Pubmed database. Environmental pollution due to pesticides is caused by the behavior of spraying pesticides and disposing of used pesticides by farmers. Ways to reduce it are by measuring how much pesticide is needed, training to increase knowledge about agricultural practices in preparing the required dose, and regularly monitoring environmental quality. Pesticide residues can increase due to the application of pesticides at harvest, and they can be reduced by washing, peeling, and cooking processes. In addition, another proven effective way to reduce pesticide residues is using an electrolyzed water treatment, sonolytic ozonation, and ozonated water. Conclusion: The use of unsafe pesticides will harm the environment and endanger health through the food chain. Training for farmers to use pesticides properly is considered effective in reducing pesticide pollution in the environment. In addition, the reduction of pesticides in agricultural products can be done by washing, peeling, cooking (boil, boil and fry), electrolyzed water treatment, sonolytic ozonation, and ozonated water.
Nana AS, Falkenberg T, Rechenburg A, Adong A, Ayo A, Nbendah P, et al. Farming Practices and Disease Prevalence among Urban Lowland Farmers in Cameroon, Central Africa. Agriculture. 2022;12(2):1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020230
Adamu A, Abebe W. Practices and Challenges of Wheat Producer Farmers on Safe Pesticide Use in Basoliben District, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 2022;21(1):43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.06.013
Kumari D, John S. Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables from Farms and Markets of Western Indian Himalayan Region. Chemosphere. 2019;224(1):162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.091
Ngabirano H, Birungi G. Pesticide Residues in Vegetables Produced in Rural South-Western Uganda. Food Chemistry. 2022;370(130972):1−11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130972
Bhandari G, Zomer P, Atreya K, Mol HGJ, Yang X, Geissen V. Pesticide Residues in Nepalese Vegetables and Potential Health Risks. Environmental Research. 2019;172(1):511–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.002
Mottes C, Jannoyer ML, Bail ML, Guéné M, Carles C, Malézieux E. Relationships between Past and Present Pesticide Applications and Pollution at A Watershed Outlet : The Case of A Horticultural Catchment in Martinique, French West Indies. Chemosphere 2017;184(1):762–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.061
British Columbia. Environmental Protection and Pesticides. Canada: Ministry of Agriculture British Columbia; 2017. 1–7 p. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/agriculture-and-seafood/animal-and-crops/plant-health/environmental-protection-and-pesticides.pdf
Gill HK, Garg H. Pesticides: Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies: Pesticides − Toxic Aspects. In: Soloneski S, editor. London: InTech; 2014. 187−230 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57399
Badrudin U, Jazilah S, Prakoso B. The Effect of Soil Submersion and Conditioner Materials on Residual Organophosphate Pesticides in Soil and Shallot Bulbs. Agrivita. 2022;44(1):1–10. http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v44i1
Syafrudin M, Kristanti RA, Yuniarto A, Hadibarata T, Rhee J, Al-onazi WA, et al. Pesticides in Drinking Water ” A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(2):1−15. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph18020468
Assey GE, Mgohamwende R, Malasi WS. A Review of the Impact of Pesticides Pollution on Environment Including Effects, Benefits and Control. Journal of Pollution Effects & Control. 2021;9(4):1−5. https://doi.org/10.35248/2375-4397.21.9.282
Onwona-Kwakye M, Hogarh JN, Van den Brink PJ. Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides Currently Applied in Ghana. Chemosphere. 2020;254(126845):1−12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126845
Sharafi K, Pirsaheb M, Maleki S, Arfaeinia H, Karimyan K, Moradi M, et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Farmers about Pesticide Use, Risks, and Wastes ; A Cross-Sectional Study (Kermanshah, Iran). Science of The Total Environment. 2018;645(1):509–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.132
Bagheri A, Emami N, Damalas CA. Farmers' Behavior towards Safe Pesticide Handling: An Analysis with The Theory of Planned Behavior. Science of The Total Environment. 2021;751(141709):1−9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141709
Jallow MFA, Awadh DG, Albaho MS, Devi VY, Thomas BM. Pesticide Knowledge and Safety Practices among Farm Workers in Kuwait: Results of A Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(4):1−15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040340
Bakhtawer SA. A Cross Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to The Use of Insecticides among Farmers in Industrial Triangle of Punjab, Pakistan. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255454
Dasgupta S, Meisner CM, Huq M. Health Effects and Pesticide Perception as Determinants of Pesticide Use: Evidence from Bangladesh.Washington: World Bank Publications; 2005. 1−19 p. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=872759
Kafle S, Vaidya A, Pradhan B, Jí¸rs E, Onta S. Factors Associated with Practice of Chemical Pesticide Use and Acute Poisoning Experienced by Farmers in Chitwan District, Nepal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(8):1−14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084194
Nayak SB, Sahoo AK, K. E, Rao KS. Role of Pesticide Application in Environmental Degradation and Its Remediation Strategies: Environment Degradation−Causes and Remediation Strategies. In: Kumar V, editor. Haridwar: Agro Environ Media, Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy; 2020. 36−46 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/aesa-2020-edcrs-03
Shentema MG, Bråtveit M, Kumie A, Deressa W, Moen BE. Respiratory Health among Pesticide Sprayers at Flower Farms in Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(12):1−9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127427
Jin S, Bluemling B, Mol APJ. Information, Trust and Pesticide Overuse: Interactions between Retailers and Cotton Farmers in China. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 2015;72−73(1):23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2014.10.003
Karasmanaki E, Dimopoulou P, Vryzas Z, Karipidis P, Tsantopoulos G. Is The Environmental Behavior of Farmers Affecting Their Pesticide Practices? A Case Study from Greece. Sustainability. 2021;13(3):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031452
Deidda I, Russo R, Bonaventura R, Costa C, Zito F, Lampiasi N. Neurotoxicity in Marine Invertebrates: An Update. Biology. 2021;10(2):1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10020161
Sosnowska EP, Sobczak WZ, Sobczak P, Domański M, Szwajgier D. Determination of The Content of Selected Pesticides in Surface Waters as a Marker of Environmental Pollution. Sustainability. 2021;13(16):1−8. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168942
Mottes C, Lesueur Jannoyer M, Le Bail M, Guéné M, Carles C, Malézieux E. Relationships between Past and Present Pesticide Applications and Pollution at A Watershed Outlet: The Case of A Horticultural Catchment in Martinique, French West Indies. Chemosphere. 2017;184(1):762–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.061
Wang S, Wang J, Li C, Xu Y, Wu Z. Ozone Treatment Pak Choi for The Removal of Malathion and Carbosulfan Pesticide Residues. Food Chemistry. 2021;337(127755):1−8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127755
Siddique Z, Malik AU, Asi MR, Inam-ur-Raheem M, Iqbal M, Abdullah M. Impact of Sonolytic Ozonation (O3/US) on Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Fresh Vegetables and Fruits: Case Study of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2021;79(105799):1−9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105799
Park BK, Kwon SH, Yeom MS, Joo KS, Heo MJ. Detection of Pesticide Residues and Risk Assessment from The Local Fruits and Vegetables in Incheon, Korea. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13576-5
Nguyen Dang Giang C, Le DBC, Nguyen VH, Hoang TL, Tran TVT, Huynh TPL, et al. Assessment of Pesticide Use and Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Two Provinces in Central Vietnam. PLoS One. 2022;17(6):1−16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269789
Ssemugabo C, Guwatudde D, Ssempebwa JC, Bradman A. Pesticide Residue Trends in Fruits and Vegetables from Farm to Fork in Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda”A Mixed Methods Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(3):1−14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031350
Phopin K, Wanwimolruk S, Norkaew C, Buddhaprom J, Chartchalerm INA. Boiling, Blanching, and Stir-Frying Markedly Reduce Pesticide Residues in Vegetables. Foods. 2022;(11)1:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11101463
Liu Y, Wang J, Zhu X, Liu Y, Cheng M, Xing W, et al. Effects of Electrolyzed Water Treatment on Pesticide Removal and Texture Quality in Fresh-Cut Cabbage, Broccoli, and Color Pepper. Food Chemistry. 2021;353(129408):1−10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129408
Manjarres-López DP, Andrades MS, Sánchez-González S, Rodríguez-Cruz MS, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Herrero-Hernández E. Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Waters and Soils of A Vineyard Region and Its Temporal Evolution. Environmental Pollution. 2021;284(117463):1−10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117463
Park DW, Kim KG, Choi EA, Kang GR, Kim TS, Yang YS, et al. Pesticide Residues in Leafy Vegetables, Stalk and Stem Vegetables from South Korea: A Long-Term Study on Safety and Health Risk Assessment. Food Additives & Contamination - Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment. 2016;33(1):105–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1108524
Jiang D, Cheng Z, Chen X, Dong F, Xu J, Liu X, et al. Occurrences of Eight Common-Used Pesticide Adjuvants in Ten Vegetable Species and Implications for Dietary Intake in North China. Food Chemistry. 2021;347(128984):1−8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128984
Sombatsawat E, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Robson MG. Pesticide Toxicity Assessment and Geographic Information System ( GIS ) Application in Small"‘Scale Rice Farming Operations, Thailand. Science Reports. 2022;12(499):1−9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04523-x
Andersson E, Isgren E. Gambling in The Garden: Pesticide Use and Risk Exposure in Ugandan Smallholder Farming. Journal of Rural Studies. 2021;82(1):76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.013
Marete GM, Lalah JO, Mputhia J, Wekesa VW. Pesticide usage Practices as Sources of Occupational Exposure and Health Impacts on Horticultural Farmers in Meru County, Kenya. Heliyon. 2021;7(2):1−13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06118
Bhandari G, Atreya K, VaÅ¡íÄková J, Yang X, Geissen V. Ecological Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Soils from Vegetable Production Areas: A Case Study in S-Nepal. Science of The Total Environment. 2021;788(147921):1−11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147921
Berni I, Menouni A, Ghazi I, Duca R, Kestemont M, Godderis L, et al. Understanding Farmers' Safety Behavior Regarding Pesticide Use in Morocco. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2021;25(1):471–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.019
Istriningsih, Dewi YA, Yulianti A, Hanifah VW, Jamal E, Dadang, et al. Farmers' Knowledge and Practice Regarding Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) on Safe Pesticide Usage in Indonesia. Heliyon. 2022;8(1):1−10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08708
Kapeleka JA, Sauli E, Sadik O, Ndakidemi PA. Co-Exposure Risks of Pesticides Residues and Bacterial Contamination in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables under Smallholder Horticultural Production Systems in Tanzania. Plos One. 2020;15(7):1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235345
Jankowska M, Åozowicka B, KaczyÅ„ski P. Comprehensive Toxicological Study over 160 Processing Factors of Pesticides in Selected Fruit and Vegetables after Water, Mechanical and Thermal Processing Treatments and Their Application to Human Health Risk Assessment. Science of the Total Environment 2019;652(1):1156–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.324
Shammi M, Sultana A, Hasan N, Rahman M, Islam S. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences Pesticide exposures towards health and environmental hazard in Bangladesh : A case study on farmers ' perception. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 2020;19(2):161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2018.08.005
Ali P, Moniruzzaman M, Shamiul S, Qin X, Nasrin S, Landis D, et al. Farmer's Behavior in Pesticide Use : Insights Study from Smallholder and Intensive Agricultural Farms in Bangladesh. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;747(141160):1−20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141160
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Copyright of all journal manuscripts is held by the Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan.2. Formal legal provisions to access digital articles of electronic journal are subject to the provision of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which means that Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan is rightful to keep, transfer media/format, manage in the form of databases, maintain, and publish articles.
3. Published manuscripts both printed and electronic are open access for educational, research, and library purposes. Additionally, the editorial board is not responsible for any violations of copyright law.
JKESLING by UNAIR is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.