Effect of Physical Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and the Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Patients with T2DM: A Systematic Review
Downloads
Introduction: This study was undertaken to verify effect of regular exercise training on insulin sensitivity and the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and to determine if there was any effect from the different regular exercises.
Methods: A database search using PRISMA examined articles from Scopus, ScienceDirect and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria were that the article used a randomized controlled trial within the last 10 years, that the respondents were people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and that only physical exercise was the intervention involved. In total, 1,303 articles were screened and 16 articles were included that fit the criteria of inclusion in this systematic review.
Results: Based on the review of the 15 articles, the findings show that regular exercise training has some benefits related to glycemic control. It can reduce insulin resistance, plasma insulin, fasting blood glucose, postpandrial blood glucose and hbA1c. . Moreover, physical exercise has other benefits for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as an increased peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and decreased c-reactive protein (CRP) level.
Conclusion: Regular exercise training has benefits for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and it can allow them to achieve of optimal glycemic control by improving insulin resistance and decreasing the cardiovascular risk factors. Physical exercise such as combined exercises (aerobic and resistance exercise) or a single exercise such as aerobic exercise can be recommended to improve insulin sensitivity and the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM.
AminiLari, Z., Fararouei, M., Amanat, S., Sinaei, E., Dianatinasab, S., AminiLari, M., ... Dianatinasab, M. (2017). The effect of 12 weeks aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on omentin-1 levels and insulin resistance among type 2 diabetic middle-aged women. Diabetes and Metabolism Journal, 41(3), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.3.205
Bacchi, E., Negri, C., Zanolin, M. E., Milanese, C., Faccioli, N., Trombetta, M., ... Moghetti, P. (2012). Metabolic effects of aerobic training and resistance training in type 2 diabetic subjects: A randomized controlled trial (the RAED2 study). Diabetes Care, 35(4), 676–682. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1655
Brinkmann, C., Weh-Gray, O., Brixius, K., Bloch, W., Predel, H. G., & Kreutz, T. (2019). Effects of exercising before breakfast on the health of T2DM patients”A randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 29(12), 1930–1936. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13543
Cassidy, S., Thoma, C., Hallsworth, K., Parikh, J., Hollingsworth, K. G., Taylor, R., ... Trenell, M. I. (2015). High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes : a randomised controlled trial. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3741-2
Comtec, K. (2012). The Effects of Free-Living Interval- Walking Training on Glycemic Control, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. (April). https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0658.
Cornell, S. (2015). Continual evolution of type 2 diabetes: An update on pathophysiology and emerging treatment options. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 11, 621–632. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S67387
El-kader, S. M. A. (2011). Aerobic versus resistance exercise training in modulation of insulin resistance , adipocytokines and inflammatory cytokine levels in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Advanced Research, 2(2), 179–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2010.09.003
International Diabetes Federation. (2017). IDF DIABETES ATLAS (Eighth edi; S. Karuranga, R. Joao da Rocha Fernandes, J, Y. Huang, & B. Malanda, Eds.). International Diabetes Federation.
Jansen, S. C. P., Hoorweg, B. B. N., Hoeks, S. E., & Den, M. M. L. Van. (n.d.). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of supervised exercise therapy on modi fi able cardiovascular risk factors in intermittent claudication. Journal of Vascular Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.10.069
Karstoft, K., Winding, K., Knudsen, S. H., James, N. G., Scheel, M. M., Olesen, J., ... Solomon, T. P. J. (2014). Mechanisms behind the superior effects of interval vs continuous training on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes : a randomised controlled trial. 2081–2093.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-014-3334-5
Luiza, M., Pereira, M., Neves, V., Oliveira, D., Maria, N., Ferreira, L., ... Geloneze, B. (2011). The effects of aerobic , resistance , and combined exercise on metabolic control , inflammatory markers , adipocytokines , and muscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism, 60(9), 1244–1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.01.006
Magalhí£es, J. P., Melo, X., Correia, I. R., Ribeiro, R. T., Raposo, J., Dores, H., ... Sardinha, L. B. (2019). Effects of combined training with different intensities on vascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 1-year randomized controlled trial. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-019-0840-2
Motahari-tabari, N., Shirvani, M. A., & Shirzad-e-ahoodashty, M. (2015). The Effect of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes : A Randomized Clinical Trial. 7(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p115
Ng, C. L. W., Goh, S., Malhotra, R., í˜stbye, T., Tai, E. S., Qspmmf, N., ... Usjbm, B. S. (2010). Minimal difference between aerobic and progressive resistance exercise on metabolic profile and fitness in older adults with diabetes mellitus : a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 56(3), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(10)70021-7
Okada, S., Hiuge, A., Makino, H., Nagumo, A., Takaki, H., & Konishi, H. (n.d.). Effect of Exercise Intervention on Endothelial Function and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. 828–833.
Rahbar, S., Naimi, S. S., Rezasoltani, A., & Rahimi, A. (2017). Changes in vascular structure in diabetic patients after 8 weeks aerobic physical exercise : a randomized controlled trial. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-017-0579-9
Randomized, D. A., & Trial, C. (2012). Effects of Exercise on sRAGE Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Type. 97(October), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1951
Reid, R. D., Tulloch, H. E., Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Fortier, M., McDonnell, L., ... Coyle, D. (2010). Effects of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or both, on patient-reported health status and well-being in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised trial. Diabetologia, 53(4), 632–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-009-1631-1
Rodrigo, A., Ana, S. D., Kanitz, C., Bertoldi, K., Macedo, R. C. O., Siqueira, I. R., ... Fernando, L. (2015). Glucose control can be similarly improved after aquatic or dry-land aerobic training in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.10.008
Shaw, J. E., Sicree, R. A., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2010). and Clinical Practice Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. 87, 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007
Stefano, B., Silvano, Z., Antonio, N., Pierpaolo, D. F., Stefano, C., Patrizia, C., ... Investigato, I. D. E. S. (IDES). (2010). Effect of an intensive exercise intervention strategy on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial: the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES). Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(20), 1794–1803.
Teixeira-lemos, E., Nunes, S., Teixeira, F., & Reis, F. (2011). Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development : focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 1–15.
Way, K. L., Hackett, D. A., Baker, M. K., & Johnson, N. A. (2016). The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : A Systematic Review and. 253–271.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Ners agree to the following terms:
- Authors transfer the Copyright and grant Jurnal Ners the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to remix, adapt and build upon the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and of the initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
Jurnal Ners requires a formal written declaration and transfer of copyright from the author(s) for each article published. We, therefore, ask you to complete and return this form, retaining a copy for your own records. Your cooperation is essential and appreciated. Any delay will result in a delay in publication. The form can be downloaded HERE.
