Effects of sidestream tobacco smoke on P53 expressions in Rattus novergicus tongue epithelial mucosa
Downloads
carcinogenesis which potentially affects the regulation of cell apoptosis in both active and passive smokers. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke on apoptosis of rat tongue mucosae through p53 expression. To determine the risk of malignant transformation through tumor suppressor genes in the apoptotic pathway. Methods: Rattus norvegicus subjects were divided into four groups, namely Treatment Group 1 exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for four weeks (P1), Treatment Group 2 exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for eight weeks (P2), Control Group not exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for four weeks (K2), and Control Group (K) not exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for eight weeks (K2). The exposure process was conducted using a smoking pump and alternating exposure. Four micron-thick sections of formalin were subsequently fixed together with paraffin embedded biopsy material from tongue mucosa of Rattus norvegicus. The tissue sections from the treatment groups were then analyzed immunohistochemically to compare the expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins with those of the control groups. Results: The T-test results indicated statistically significant differences in the expressions of p53 between the 4-week control group (K1) and the 4-week treatment group (P1) (p=0.01, p<0.05) as well as between the 8-week control group (K2) and the 8-week treatment group (P2) (p=0.03, p<0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to cigarette smoke can induce changes in tumor suppressor genes and also affect the regulation of cell apoptosis, thus changing cell structure and leading to malignancy.
Downloads
Radwan LRS, Grawish ME, Elmadawy SH, El-Hawary YM. Ultrasurface morphological changes in the rat tongue posterior one-third exposed to passive smoke. EC Dent Sci. 2016; 4(4): 846–53.
Hang B. Formation and repair of tobacco carcinogen-derived bulky DNA adducts. J Nucleic Acids. 2010; 2010: 1–29.
Kushihashi Y, Kadokura Y, Takiguchi S, Kyo Y, Yamada Y, Shino M, Kano M, Suzaki H. Association between head-and-neck cancers and active and passive cigarette smoking. Health (Irvine Calif). 2012; 04(09): 619–24.
Nurhayati S, Lusiyanti Y. Apoptosis dan respon biologik sel sebagai faktor prognosa radioterapi kanker. Bul Al. 2006; 7(3): 57–66.
Oren M. Decision making by p53: life, death and cancer. Cell Death Differ. 2003; 10(4): 431–42.
Teague S V., Pinkerton KE, Goldsmith M, Gebremichael A, Chang S, Jenkins RA, Moneyhun JH. Sidestream cigarette smoke generation and exposure system for environmental tobacco smoke studies. Inhal Toxicol. 1994; 6(1): 79–93.
Amtha R, Razak IA, Basuki B, Roeslan BO, Gautama W, Puwanto DJ, Ghani WMN, Zain RB. Tobacco (Kretek) smoking, betel quid chewing and risk of oral cancer in a selected Jakarta population. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2014; 15(20): 8673–8.
Martinez CAR. 4NQO carcinogenesis: a model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Morphol. 2012; 30: 309–14.
Ishida K, Tomita H, Nakashima T, Hirata A, Tanaka T, Shibata T, Hara A. Current mouse models of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Genetic and chemically induced models. Oral Oncol. 2017; 73: 16–20.
Sengupta P. The laboratory rat: Relating its age with human’s. Int J Prev Med. 2013; 4(6): 624–30.
Beery AK, Zucker I. Sex bias in neuroscience and biomedical research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011; 35(3): 565–72.
Khan D, Ansar Ahmed S. The immune system is a natural target for estrogen action: Opposing effects of estrogen in two prototypical autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2016; 6: 1–8.
Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Boffetta P, Kannio A, Nyberg F, Pershagen G, Mukeria A, Constantinescu V, Fortes C, Benhamou S. p53 mutations and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in a multicenter study on lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2000; 60(11): 2906–11.
Snyder LA, Bertone ER, Jakowski RM, Dooner MS, Jennings-Ritchie J, Moore AS. p53 expression and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Pathol. 2004; 41(3): 209–14.
Pfeifer GP, Denissenko MF, Olivier M, Tretyakova N, Hecht SS, Hainaut P. Tobacco smoke carcinogens, DNA damage and p53 mutations in smoking-associated cancers. Oncogene. 2002; 21–48(6): 7435–51.
Warnakulasuriya S, Sutherland G, Scully C. Tobacco, oral cancer, and treatment of dependence. Oral Oncol. 2005; 41(3): 244–60.
- Every manuscript submitted to must observe the policy and terms set by the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi).
- Publication rights to manuscript content published by the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is owned by the journal with the consent and approval of the author(s) concerned.
- Full texts of electronically published manuscripts can be accessed free of charge and used according to the license shown below.
- The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
