AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC ACTORS IN THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM
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Economic actors are the main trade player in the World Trade Organization, although, the relation between WTO and economic actor is built by trade regulation that is negotiated among the WTO Members. Nothing in the WTO regulates economic actors to involve directly in the WTO, especially in the WTO dispute settlement system. Nevertheless, the debate amongst experts regarding the involvement of economic actors in the WTO dispute settlement system is unavoidable. This article therefore discusses the possibility of the involvement of economic actors in the WTO dispute settlement system, whether there is legal and political point of views. A Nation must providing broad possibility for its economic actors to conduct their activities in the large spectrum such as cross border supply and demand in the sphere of international trade in order to gain their benefits. Prior to it, state should be willing to gain economic relation in the virtue of international economic relation. An interstate economic relation is dealing with coordination of economic policies and cooperation; hence states are building rule of law in international economic relation as the prevailing part of the object of international economic law. To this end, in 1994 over one hundred governments created World Trade Organization. All WTO Members negotiated their national trade and economic policies. National trade policy is mostly implied by economic actors or individual across frontier
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Books
Anna-Karin Lindblom, Non-Governmental Organizations in International Law (Cambridge University Press 2005).
Ernst-Urlich Petersmann and Mark A . Pollack (eds.), Transatlantic Economic Disputes: The EU, The US, and the WTO (Oxford University–Press 2003).
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R. Wolfrum (eds), Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law,Volume 5 (Kluwer Law International 2001).
See Glen T. Schleyer, Power to the People: Allowing Private Parties to Raise Claims Before the WTO Dispute Resolution System (Fordham Law Review).
See Gregory C. Shaffer, Defending Interest Public-Private Partnerships in WTO Litigation (The Brooking Institution 2003).
William J. Pride,[et.,al.], Business (Western Cengage Learning 2008).
Journals
A Lyne Puckett and William L. Reynolds R, ‘Sanctions and Enforcement Under Section 301: At Odds with the WTO'(1996) 12 American Journal of International Law.
Andrea Kupfer Schneider, ‘Unfriendly Actions: The Amicus Curiae Brief Battle in the WTO”, in Institutional Concerns of an Expanded Trade Regime: Where Should Global Social and Regulatory Policy Be Made' (2001) Widener Law Symposium Journal.
Lin Zhengling, ‘An Analysis of the Role of NGO's in the WTO' (2004) 3 Chinese Journal of International Law.
Maura Blue Jeffords, ‘Turning the Protester into a Partner for Development: The Need for Effective Consultation between the WTO & NGOs' (2003) 28 Brooklyn Journal of International Law.
Petros C. Mavroidis, ‘Amicus Curiae Briefs Before The WTO: Much Ado About Nothing', in Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, Armin von Bogdandy, Petros C. Mavroidis, and Yves Meny (Eds), in European Integration and International Co-Ordination: Studies in Transnational Economic Law in Honou (2002) 5 Kluwer Law International–the Netherland.
Richard G Shell, ‘Trade Legalism and International Relations Theory: An Analysis of the World Trade Organization' (1995) 44 Duke Law Journal.
See Daniel Esty, ‘Non-Governmental Organizations at the World Trade Organization: Cooperation, Competition, or Exclusion' (1998) 1 Journal of International Economic Law.
See Peter van den Bossche, ‘NGO Involvement in the WTO: A Comparative Perspective,at Mini-Symposium on Transparency in the WTO' (2008) 11 Journal of Economic International Law.
Steve Charnovitz, ‘Economic and Social Actors in the World Trade Organization' (2001) 7 ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law.
Wolfgang W. Leirer, ‘Retaliatory Action in the United States and European Union Trade Law: A Comparison of Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 and Council Regulation 2641/84' (1994) North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation.