INTERACTION BETWEEN THE SETTING ASIDE OF AN AWARD AND LEAVE FOR ENFORCEMENT
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Karaha Bodas case is a notorious case which demonstrates how is unpredictable of the Indonesian court's practice when facing cases related to arbitration. This case shows various aberrations of the principles that have been commonly accepted in international commercial arbitration but distorted in practice, especially in Indonesia, therefore many experts in the field of international commercial arbitration always mention this case as a "pathology” in international commercial arbitration.[1] This article will examine the interaction between the attempt to set aside of the award, while on the other hand the successful party requests for enforcement in other jurisdictions. The discussion will be focused on the standings of the U.S. courts toward the annulment proceeding in and the judgement of the District Court of Central Jakarta. The findings in this article show that the U.S. courts – like any other jurisdictions – disobeyed the judgement of the annulment which was rendered by Indonesian court, because Indonesian courts were the secondary jurisdiction. In addition, the courts in which the enforcement sought may have discretion whether they will or will not enforce an award which has been vacated in the country of origin. The discretion is guaranteed under the New York Convention 1958.
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Book
Alan Redfern and Martin Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration (3rd edn, Sweet & Maxwell 1999).
Aniekan Iboro Ukpe, ‘Determining the Lex Loci Arbitri in International Commercial Arbitration for Purposes of the Validity of an Arbitral Award, Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (Nigeria Branch)' (Oxford University Press, 1999).
Emmanuel Gaillard and John Savage, Fouchard Gaillard Goldman on International Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer Law International 1999)
‘French Code of Civil Procedure', , Book IV Arbitration (France).
Jan Paulsson, ‘Arbitration Unbound: Award Detached from the Law of Its Country of Origin' (1981) 1 International and Comparative Law Quarterly.
John Collier and Vaughan Lowe, The Settlement of Disputes in International Law: Institutions and Procedures (Oxford University Press 1999).
Margaret L. Moses, The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration (Cambridge University Press 2008).
Mauro Cappelletti, ‘Arbitration' in Pieter Sanders (ed), International Encyclopaedia of Comparative Law (Volume XVI, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1999).
Noah Rubins, ‘The Enforcement and Annulment of International Arbitration Awards in Indonesia' (2005) 20 American University International Law Review.
Republik Indonesia, ‘Indonesian Arbitration' (Indonesia 1999).
Richard B Lilich and Charles N Brower, ‘Annulment of Awards in International Arbitration' in Albert Jan van den Berg (ed), International Arbitration in the 21st Century, Towards Judicialization and Uniformity (Transnational Publishers 1994).
‘The New York Convention 1958: An Overview', , Yearbook Commercial Arbitration (Volume XXV, Kluwer Law 2003).
Journal
Irna Nurhayati, ‘Legal Issues in the Annulment of International Arbitral Award in the Himpurna and Karaha Bodas in Indonesia' (2006) 18 Mimbar Hukum.
William W. Park, ‘The Lex Loci Arbitri and the International Commercial Arbitration' (1983) 32 The International and Comparative Law Quarterly.
Law and Regulations
French Code of Civil Procedure, Book IV Arbitration.
German Arbitration Law, 1 January 1998.
Law No. 30/ 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution.
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, ‘Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, United Nations', UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 1985).
Court's Decisions
Chromalloy Aeroservices v the Arab Republic of Egypt (1996) 939 F. Sup.
German Arbitration Law.
Hilmarton v OTV, Versailles Court, 29 June 1995.
Karaha Bodas Company LLC v PT Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Karaha bodas I) (2001) 190 F. Sup.
Karaha Bodas Company LLC v PT Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Karaha Bodas II) (2003) 264 F. Sup.
Karaha Bodas Company LLC v PT Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Karaha Bodas III) (2002) 264 F. Sup.
Karaha Bodas Company LLC v PT Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara et al (Karaha Bodas IV) (2003) 335 F. 3d.
PT Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara v Karaha Bodas Co, No 86/PdtG/2002/PNJktPst.