The effect of chitosan gel concentration on neutrophyl and macrophage in gingival ulcer of Sprague Dawley rat
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Bacground: Chitosan is polysacharide that extracted from crustaceae, widely used as a wound healing agent. It accelerates the polimorphonuclear cells infitration and increase the macrophage migration. Purpose: The aims of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan gel concentration on neutrophyl and macrophage in gingival ulcer healing process of Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided into treatment groups, A, B and C which was given 1%, 2% and 3% chitosan gel respectively and group D as control group. The ulcer was made by applicating the 2 x 2 mm2 Whatmann number 1 filter paper which had been soaked into the 98% acetic acid for 5 minutes on the gingival surface below the interdental of the lower incisivus of the rats for 40 seconds. One drop chitosan gel was applicated on the ulcer, twice a day for three days. The subjects were sacrificed and its gingival tissue was taken for histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Results: The one way ANOVA test showed that significant difference neutrophyl and macrophage among all of group (p<0.05). The Pearson correlation showed that there was a strong correlation (0,979) between chitosan concentration and macrophage density. Chitosan gel with 1%, 2%, and 3% concentration influenced significantly to neutrophyl and macrophage density. The higher concentration of chitosan gel the power of neutrophyl number and the higher of macrophage number. Conclusion: These result indicated that the chitosan gel influence both of neutrofil and macrophage in gingival ulcer healing process and chitosan gel 3% has a better effect than 1% and 2% concentration.
Latar belakang: Kitosan, polisakarida hasil ekstraksi dari golongan krustasea, dikenal sebagai agen pemacu penyembuhan luka. Kitosan dapat memacu infiltrasi sel-sel polimorfonuklear dan mempercepat migrasi sel makrofag. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek gel kitosan dalam meningkatkan jumlah neutrofil dan makrofag selama proses penyembuhan luka buatan pada gingiva mulut tikus Sprague Dawley. Metode: Duapuluh subyek dibagi atas 4 grup. Grup A dioles dengan 1% gel kitosan, grup B 2% dan grup C 3%, sedangkan grup D sebagai kontrol tidak mendapatkan perlakuan apapun. Ulkus dibuat dengan cara mengaplikasikan kertas saring Whatmann nomer 1 ukuran 2 x 2 mm2 yang telah dibasahi dengan 98% asam asetat selama 5 menit dan diletakkan pada gingiva di bawah interdental gigi anterior mandibula selama 40 detik. Satu tetes gel kitosan diaplikasikan 2 kali sehari selama 3 hari. Tikus dikorbankan pada hari ketiga dan jaringan gingivanya diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dengan pewarnaan HE. Jumlah neutrofil dan makrofag dianalisa dengan ANOVA satu jalur. Hasil: ANOVA satu jalur menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada neutrofil maupun makrofag antar grup (p<0,05). Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan ada hubungan positif antara konsentrasi gel kitosan dengan jumlah makrofag. Gel kitosan dengan konsentrasi 1, 2 dan 3% secara bermakna mampu menurunkan jumlah neutrofil dan meningkatkan jumlah makrofag pada hari ke 3 dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi gel kitosan maka jumlah neutrofil semakin menurun sedangkan jumlah makrofag semakin meningkat. Hal ini membuktikan adanya sifat antimikrobial dari gelkitosan. Simpulan: Gel kitosan terbukti mampu menurunkan neutrofil dan meningkatkan makrofag pada proses penyembuhan ulkus mulut. Konsentrasi gel kitosan 3% mempunyai efek lebih baik dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 1% dan 2%.
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