Penetration effect of prostaglandin E2 gel on oral mucosa of rats

PGE2 PMN tooth movement pergerakan gigi

Authors

  • Rafinus Arifin
    widayati22@yahoo.com
    Orthodontic Resident, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Retno Widayati Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Erni H Purwaningsih Department of Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Dewi Fatma S Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
September 1, 2012

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Background: Several researches reported that Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) injection on buccal mucosa combined with orthodontic pressure can faster tooth movement but has disadvantages such as high alveolar bone and root resorption furthermore pain from injection needle. PGE2 gel was made to better replace the lacks of injectable PGE2. Purpose: This research was aimed to prove that PGE 2 gel can penetrate rat's oral mucosa effecting the appearance of PMN cells. Methods: This research was an in vivo laboratory experiment using 36 Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 3 groups: normal group, topical PGE2 gel group after 1, 2, 4, 8 hours (4 subgroups), and topical gel without PGE2 group after 1, 2, 4, 8 hours (4 subgroups). Each group consists of 4 rats, therefore the total sample for all research groups were 36 rats. Gel with 25 µg/mL of PGE2 and gel without PGE2 were applied on oral mucosa for 2 minutes. Then, the rats were sacrificed after 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 8 hours application. After that, the samples were prepared for histological examination with Hematoxyllin and Eosin. The picture were taken with OptiLab View and PMN cells amount were counted with light microscope, set 400 times of magnification. Results: Penetration effect of PGE2 gel on rat's oral mucosa result in PMN inflammation cells distribution. One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference on PMN cells count in rats' lower jaws between groups of normal and gel without PGE2. There was significant difference between groups of PGE2 gel and gel without PGE2 (p=0,001). PGE2 gel application showed PGE2 as inflammatory media, even though administered topically. Conclusion: PGE2 gel can penetrate rat's oral mucosa, effecting PMN cells 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours after application of PGE2 gel.

Latar belakang: Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa injeksi (Prostaglandin E2) PGE2pada mukosa bukal yang dikombinasikan dengan tekanan ortodonti dapat mempercepat pergerakan gigi, tapi mempunyai kekurangan berupa resorpsi yang besar pada tulang alveolar dan akar gigi, serta adanya rasa sakit akibat penggunaan jarum suntik. Gel PGE2 dibuat untuk mengatasi kekurangan pemberian PGE2 secara injeksi. Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan bahwa gel PGE2 dapat berpenetrasi pada mukosa mulut tikus dengan efek munculnya sel PMN. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorik in vivo, menggunakan 36 tikus Sprague Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal; kelompok pengolesan gel PGE2 setelah 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam, 8 jam (4 sub kelompok); kelompok pengolesan gel tanpa PGE2 setelah 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam, 8 jam (4 sub kelompok). Masing-masing kelompok terdiri 4 sampel, sehingga total sampel seluruh kelompok penelitian 36 tikus. Gel PGE2 dosis 25 µg/mL dan gel tanpa PGE2 dioleskan pada mukosa mulut rahang bawah selama 2 menit. Tikus di sacrifice setelah 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam dan 8 jam pengolesan. Kemudian dibuat sediaan histologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoxylin dan Eosin. Foto preparat diambil menggunakan OptiLab View. Hitung jumlah sel-sel PMN menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400x. Hasil: Efek penetrasi gel PGE2 pada mukosa mulut terlihat distribusi sel-sel inflamasi PMN. Uji one-way ANOVA menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan jumlah sel PMN yang bermakna pada mukosa rahang bawah tikus antara kelompok gel tanpa PGE2 dan normal. Ada perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah sel PMN kelompok pengolesan gel PGE2 dengan gel tanpa PGE2. (p = 0,001). Hasil aplikasi gel PGE2 menunjukkan gel PGE2 sebagai media inflamasi, meskipunzat aktif diberikan secara topikal. Kesimpulan: PGE2 gel dapat berpenetrasi ke mukosa mulut tikus, dengan efek adanya sel-sel PMN pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam dan 8 jam setelah pengolesan gel PGE2.