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Submitted
29 March 2023
Accepted
15 November 2023
Published
10 September 2023
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Abstract

Highlights:
1. This study determined the toxic effects of combining Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale extracts, as
people need to be aware of the potential side effects of these common herbal remedies for the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis.
2. The combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale extracts is efficacious and non-toxic as an antiarthritis treatment, hence, the ingredients can be upgraded to standardized herbal medicines and
phytopharmaceuticals.


 


Abstract


Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) are plant species that have been studied for their
efficacy in treating inflammation related to rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to examine the effects of combining
sappanwood and red ginger in order to determine the potential toxicity of the herbal extracts in medicine. The toxicity
testing was carried out in vivo using 32 Wistar strain male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) grouped into eight groups of four.
The rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant to induce a chronic inflammatory effect. The eight groups consisted
of the negative control group, the positive control group, the normal group, and five treatment groups. This study was
conducted by observing the animals for toxic symptoms and death to determine the safety of the extracts and drugs. The
observation results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (p<0.05). The analysis results showed that weight
gain and relative organ weight among the groups had no significant differences (p>0.05). Microscopic examination of the
organ preparations observed under a light microscope revealed no significant changes or adverse effects in rats treated with
the extracts or drugs. In conclusion, a combination of sappanwood and red ginger ethanol extracts administered orally has
no toxic effect in rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant.

Keywords

Rheumatoid arthritis red ginger sappanwood toxicity test good health and well-being

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How to Cite
Salma, N. A., Tukiran, Suyatno Sutoyo, & Fauzia Indah Sabila. (2023). Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 59(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v59i3.44455
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