MicroRNA-21 expression as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral cancer: A narrative review
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Background: Oral cancer is a life-threatening disease that has 377.713 new cases every year and 60% of the 5-year overall survival rate globally. Approximately 84–97% of oral cancer arises from squamous cells, categorized as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MiR-21 is a single-stranded, non-coding RNA that has been studied for its role in carcinogenesis. Overexpression of miR-21 is found in various cancers and is linked to a poor prognosis. However, few studies analyze the expression of miR-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral cancer. Purpose: This review aimed to describe the expression of miR-21 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral cancer. Review: MiR-21 was found to be upregulated in various cancers, including oral cancer. miR-21 targets several tumor suppressors such as PTEM, TPM1, and PDCD4 to modulate characteristics linked to cancer prognosis, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the constant increase of miR-21 expression in healthy oral mucosa to oral potentially malignant disease to OSCC demonstrated its diagnostic value. Conclusion: miRNA-21 may act as a novel diagnostic and prognostic
biomarker of oral cancer.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Yasminia Sambac Shofie Putri Llahfi, Anis Fatimah Zafar, Astrid Faradia ZV, Imelda Prisca Pandora, Alfonsus Sindhu SD, Muhammad Rafi NA, Salma Putri Widyanti, Emmanuel Andrew, Salsabilla Eliya A, Aliyya Alfisaida, Malika Qadira R, Aimmatur Rodhiyah B, Puspita Ramadhani, Ratri Indriani, Achmad Faishal Salim, Ciptantyo Septyan A, Alfin Rachmad C, Amirah Mujahidah, Sisca Meida Wati
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