HUBUNGAN POLA PEMBERIAN MAKAN, SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN RIWAYAT BBLR TERHADAP STATUS GIZI BALITA

Abstrak

Latar Belakang : Gizi kurang dan buruk pada balita dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya pertumbuhan jasmani dan kecerdasan anak. Angka kejadian gizi buruk tertinggi terjadi di Puskesmas Simomulyo Surabaya sebanyak 35 balita pada tahun 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan Pola Pemberian Makan, Sosial Ekonomi dan Riwayat BBLR dengan Status Gizi Balita. Metode: Penelitian cross sectional ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Simomulyo Baru Surabaya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh balita usia 12-59 bulan di Kelurahan Simomulyo Baru Kota Surabaya sebanyak 3036 balita. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 130 balita pada RW 5 dan RW 6 dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling. Pengambilan data dengan kuesioner. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Status Gizi Bermasalah sebagian besar terjadi pada balita dengan pola pemberian makan yang kurang yaitu 34 balita (97,1%). Pendidikan terakhir ibu balita status gizi bermasalah sebagian besar berpendidikan tinggi yaitu sebanyak 47 orang (49,0%). Pekerjaan ibu balita status gizi bermasalah sebagian besar  tidak bekerja sebanyak 52 orang (49,5%). Balita status gizi bermasalah hampir setengahnya terjadi pada keluarga dengan pendapatan rendah yaitu sebanyak 41 keluarga (58,6%). Balita yang mengalami status gizi bermasalah sebagian besar terjadi pada balita dengan riwayat BBLR cukup bulan saat lahir yaitu sebanyak 23 balita  (88,5%). Berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan hasil pemberian makan (p-value =0,001), pendidikan ibu (p-value=0,561),  pekerjaan ibu (p-value=0,320), pendapatan keluarga (p-value =0,005), dan riwayat BBLR (p-value =0,001) dengan α=0,05. Kesimpulan: Pola pemberian makan, pendapatan dan riwayat BBLR berhubungan dengan status gizi balita. Sedangkan pendidikan ibu dan pekerjaan ibu tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi balita.

Abstract

Background: Underweight and malnutrition of children can result in disruption of physical growth and intelligence of children. The highest incidence of malnutrition occurred in Simomulyo Health Center Surabaya as many as 35 children in 2016. The aim of the research was determine the relationship between Feeding Patterns, Social Economy and LBW History with Nutritional Status Toddlers. Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted in Simomulyo Baru Village Surabaya. The population in this study were all toddlers aged 12-59 months in Simomulyo Baru Village, Surabaya, as many as 3036 toddlers. The sample used was 130 toddlers in RW 5 and RW 6 with the sampling technique using simple random sampling. Retrieving data with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test . Results : Troubled Nutritional Status mostly occurred in children under five with poor feeding patterns, namely 34 toddlers (97.1%). The last education of mothers of children under five with a problematic nutritional status was mostly highly educated as many as 47 people (49.0%). The work of mothers of children under five with problematic nutritional status mostly did not work as many as 52 people (49.5%). Toddlers with problematic nutritional status almost half occur in families with low income as many as 41 families (58.6%). Most toddlers who have problematic nutritional status occur in infants with a history of LBW enough months at birth as many as 23 children (88.5%). Based on the Chi-Square test results obtained feeding results ( p-value = 0.001), mother's education (p-value = 0.561), mother's work ( p-value = 0.320), family income ( p-value = 0.005), and history LBW ( p-value = 0.001 ) with α=0,05. Conclusion : The pattern of feeding, income and history of LBW is related to the nutritional status of children. While mother's education and mother's work is not related to the nutritional status of children.